Test
Earth Science- Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Earth Part 1
Preguntas del test (48)
1The elastic rebound theory for the origin of earthquakes was first proposed by ________ following the ________ earthquake.
- AReid; 1906, San Francisco
- BGiuseppe; 1925, Pizza Lake
- CRichter; 1989, Loma Prieta
- DMohorovicic; 1964, Anchorage
2When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is also referred to as the ________.
- Ainertial point
- Bepicenter
- Cfocus
- Dseismic zone
3Which one of the following statements is correct?
- AP waves travel through solids; S waves do not.
- BP and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids.
- CS waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids.
- DP and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.
4________ have the highest velocities
- APrimary waves
- BSecondary waves
- CSurface waves
- DRefracted S waves
5Which one of the following is true regarding tsunamis?
- AThey travel as deep-water waves at speeds greater than surface seismic waves but slower than S waves
- BTheir wave heights decrease and wavelengths increase as they move into shallower water
- CThey are started by fault-induced, horizontal shifts in the seafloor that suddenly propel great masses of water in opposite directions.
- DThey occur in the open ocean, wavelengths are many miles or kilometers and wave heights are only a few feet.
6The amount of destruction caused by earthquake vibrations is affected by ________.
- Adesign of structures
- Bintensity and duration of the vibrations
- Cnature of the surface material
- Dall of these
7On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes.
- AP waves
- BS waves
- Csurface waves
- Dbody waves
8Major earthquakes are often followed by somewhat smaller events known as ________.
- Aaftershocks
- Bforeshocks
- Ctremors
- Dhyposhocks
9The ________ magnitude scale is a measure of the energy released. It does not directly measure the extent of building damage.
- AGutenberg
- BReid
- CMercalli
- DRichter
10The instrument that records earthquake events is termed a ________.
- Apolygraph
- Bthermograph
- Cseismograph
- Dbarograph
11________ is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale.
- AXII
- B12
- CX
- D10
12The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ________.
- Aepicenter
- Binertial point
- Cfocus
- Dseismic zone
13The mechanism by which rocks store and eventually release energy in the form of an earthquake is termed ________.
- Aelastic rebound
- Bseismic rebound
- Cfault displacement
- Dstress fracture
14Overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive.
- AP wave
- BS wave
- Csurface wave
- Dtsunami
15Approximately how much more energy is released in a 6.5 Richter magnitude earthquake than in one with magnitude 5.5?
- A3000 times
- B3 times
- C300 times
- D30 times
16P waves ________.
- Apropagate only in solids
- Bare faster than S waves and surface waves
- Chave higher amplitudes than do S waves
- Dproduce the strongest ground shaking
17The Mercalli Scale is a scale from ________.
- A1 to 12 that rates the energy required for faulting to occur
- B1 to 10 that rates the energy released by an earthquake
- CI to XII that rates the structural damage due to an earthquake
- DI to X that rates the total energy released during the main quake and all aftershocks
18The distance between a seismological recording station and the earthquake source is determined from the ________.
- Aearthquake magnitude
- Bintensity of the earthquake
- Clength of the seismic record
- Darrival times of P and S waves
19The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the ________.
- Aduration of the earthquake
- Bintensity of the earthquake
- Carrival time of P and S waves
- Damplitude of the surface waves
20Which one of the following best characterizes tsunamis?
- AThey cause the land to ripple and oscillate.
- BThey are faster than seismic surface waves.
- CThey have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths.
- DThey are easily seen at sea but are lost in the swell and breaking waves along a coast.
21The ________ earthquake was accompanied by extensive fire damage.
- AAnchorage, 1964
- BSan Francisco, 1906
- CMexico City, 1985
- DYerevan, Armenia, 1988
22________ refers to the tendency for a foundation material to lose its internal cohesion and fail mechanically during earthquake shaking.
- ASlurrying
- BLiquefaction
- CMotion slip
- DSeismoflowage
23The record of an earthquake obtained from a seismic instrument is a(n) ________.
- Aseismograph
- Bseismogram
- Ctime-travel graph
- Depigraph
24Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ________.
- Adrill holes
- Bvolcanic eruptions
- Cseismic waves
- Dexamination of deep mine shafts
25Which one of the following statements about the crust is NOT true?
- AIt is the thinnest of the major subdivisions
- BIt is thickest where prominent mountains exist.
- COceanic crust is enriched in potassium, sodium, and silicon
- DContinental rocks are compositionally different than oceanic rocks
26The dense core of Earth is thought to consist predominantly of ________.
- Anickel
- Blead
- Ciron
- Dcopper
27The lithosphere is defined as ________.
- Aa rocky layer having a relatively uniform chemical composition
- Ba rigid layer of crustal and mantle material
- Ca rocky layer composed mainly of crustal rocks
- Da plastic layer composed mainly of mantle material
28The average composition of the oceanic crust is thought to approximate that of ________.
- Agranite
- Bbasalt
- Cperidotite
- Diron
29The average composition of the continental crust most closely approximates that of ________.
- Agranite
- Bbasalt
- Cperidotite
- Diron
30The Earth's magnetic field originates by ________.
- Aweak electrical currents associated with hot, rising, mantle plumes
- Bmagnetic mineral grains in the inner core
- Cweak electrical currents associated with fluid motions in the outer core
- Dmagnetization of oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the atmospheric ozone layer by solar radiation
31The asthenosphere is located ________.
- Awithin the crust
- Bin the upper mantle
- Cbetween the mantle and outer core
- Dwithin the outer core
32Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
- AP wave
- BS wave
- Csurface wave
- Dbody wave
33Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
- Afocus
- Bseismograph
- Cepicenter
- Dfault
34Choose the option which does not fit the pattern
- Atsunami
- Bfire
- Cliquefaction
- Dseiches
35Choose the option which does not fit the pattern
- AModified Mercalli
- Benergy
- CRichter
- Damplitude
36Choose the option which does not fit the pattern
- Acrust
- Blithosphere
- Ccore
- Dmantle
37Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
- Acore
- Basthenosphere
- Cmesosphere
- Dlithosphere
38S waves can travel through solid and liquid media.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
39The time between the first P-wave and S-wave arrivals is a measure of the distance from a receiving station to the epicenter of the earthquake.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
40Earthquakes result from the sudden release of elastic strain energy previously stored in rocks surrounding a zone of fault movement.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
41Tsunamis are caused by sudden displacement of large volumes of seawater.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
42The Richter earthquake magnitude scale is based on the total amount of energy released by the earthquake.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
43The epicenter of an earthquake is on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
44Unconsolidated, water-saturated soils or sediments provide good foundation materials for buildings and other structures.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
45Oceanic crust is mainly basaltic in composition; the mantle is more like the igneous rock peridotite in chemical composition.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
46Continental crust is generally thicker than oceanic crust.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
47The crust and mantle are solids; the inner core is thought to be solid.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
48The mantle is composed mainly of metallic iron with small amounts of magnesium silicate minerals.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
Información
- Descripción
- Multipled Choice, word fits, and true or false
- Autor
- saradiaz16
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 487
- Valoración
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