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Qualitative Research Final Exam
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Preguntas del test (104)
1The goal of Chapter 2 is to
- AProvide a strategy for creating ideas, research, and planning research design.
- BContrast theoretical frameworks
- CTeaching researchers how to match research to social laws.
- DCreate a basis for statistical data analysis.
2Systems of logical statements that explain the relationship between two or more variables are
- ATheories
- BPropositions
- CConcepts
- DHypotheses
3A nurse observes other nurses coming to work inebriated, and wonders what might be causing employees of this profession to be coming to work under the influence. The nurse searches online for terms including “drunk nurses” and “alcohol abuse among healthcare workers” to gain knowledge. She seeks to confirm her idea that stress leads nurses to drink by sifting through previous studies. What research model is this an example of?
- AResearch-before-theory
- BTheory-before-research
- CLinear progression
- DNone of the above
4A sampling technique that is not widely generalizable, but can provide rich descriptions of a target population, is
- APurposive Sampling
- BConvenience Sampling
- CSnowball sampling
- DQuota Sampling
5When creating a concept map, the connections between concepts are represented by ______.
- AModes
- BLabels
- CLines
- DDescriptions
6Milo wants to survey college freshmen about their alcohol use. He stands outside of a fraternity house and surveys people entering the house. This situation is an example of
- AAccidental sampling
- BPurposive sampling
- CSnowball sampling
- DQuota sampling
7When locating sources for a literature review, the researcher should be wary of which source?
- ADatabases
- BPeriodicals
- CBooks
- DInternet references
8The research model that Lune/Berg advocate is the ________ approach.
- AResearch-before-theory
- BTheory-before-research
- CLinear progression
- DSpiral model
9A pitfall of Internet based research is ________.
- ALack of legitimacy and missed physical journal resources.
- BFast results
- CIncomplete cross referencing
- DEnormous amount of data
10The phase in data analysis in which you make your work worthwhile and complete by adding it to the existing body of knowledge is data display.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11A sampling technique that requires every element of the entire population studied to be enumerated is simple random sampling.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
12Social scientists have an ethical obligation to the population they study because _______.
- Athey study human subjects
- Bthey use quantitative data collection methods
- Cthey have no influence on policy and law
- Dthey have no risk of inflicting physical or emotional harm to subjects
13Researchers may be led to breach the code of ethics when ________.
- Athey have planned carefully during research design
- Btheir study does not break any laws
- Cthey have excess funding to use
- Dthey have thought deeply about risks to subjects
14The doctrine that established principles for ethical research, especially that subjects must voluntarily consent to participate, is the _______.
- ANuremberg Code
- BNational Research Act
- CBuckley Amendment
- DPrivacy Acts of 1974
15The mandate that limited access to official records identifying an individual and prohibited release of personal information to anyone else without the written consent of the individual is the ___________.
- AFamily Educational Rights to Privacy Act
- BNational Research Act
- CPrivacy Acts of 1974
- DU.S. Surgeon General Statement for Public Health Service Research
16A researcher wishes to study behavior in a kindergarten classroom. The researcher sends home permission slips to parents informing them of the study being conducted, with a statement asking parents to return a form refusing their child's participation in the study. The research includes all students in the research for whom parents did not return the refusal form. This is an example of _____.
- Ainformed consent
- Bactive consent
- Cpassive consent
- Dethical violation
17When a researcher secretly studies research subjects without informing them of the research it is called ______.
- Anonparticipant observation
- Bcovert observation
- Cincomplete participant observation
- Dovert observation
18An overt researcher role in which the researcher does not engage in activities of the group, but formally watches their behavior often over the course of s single visit, is called complete participant.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
19Which is NOT a reason that plagiarism occurs?
- AThe source said it better than I could have
- BWriting ideas created from reading a text
- CRunning out of time
- DWriting from notes and unable to distinguish original thought from text
20Which is NOT a purpose of section headings in a paper?
- AMaking a witty remark
- BIndicating general level of importance
- COrienting the reader
- DAnnouncing major divisions of the text
21Which heading level is used to designate a major section of the text, and signal to the reader that the text is about to shift gears or introduce a new topic?
- AA Head
- BB head
- CC head
- DD head
22Which heading level is written flush to the left, has the first letter of each word capitalized, and categorizes or explains information relevant to a major topical area?
- AA head
- BB head
- CC head
- DD head
23Which section of a research paper orients the reader to the study and the paper, and acquaints the reader with the basic research question or problem in clear and concise statement sentences?
- ATitle
- BAbstract
- CIntroduction
- DLiterature review
24Which section of a research paper provides a comprehensive overview of previous works on the general and specific topics considered in the study?
- ATitle
- BAbstract
- CIntroduction
- DLiterature Review
25Which section of a research paper provides a comprehensive overview of previous works on the general and specific topics considered in the study?
- ATitle
- BAbstract
- CIntroduction
- DLiterature Review
26Which section of a research paper presents what the data say, and offers interpretations of the meaning of and an analysis of the data?
- AMethodology
- BReferences, notes, and/or appendices
- CDiscussion and/or conclusions
- DFindings or results
27Which part of a methodology section explains the way information was collected (e.g., interviews, focus groups, etc.), and how it was collected so another researcher can potentially replicate the method?
- AAnalysis techniques
- BSubjects
- CData
- DSetting
28Which writing pitfall obscures whom the subject and recipient of the action is in the sentence?
- ADate stamping
- BPassive voice
- CVague referrals
- DLong run-on sentences
29What is another name for an interviewee, or the person being asked the questions in an interview?
- AInterrogatee
- BInformant
- CCandidate
- DApplicant
30Which of the options below is not a typical interview structure?
- ASemistandardized interview
- BStandardized interview
- CCreative interview
- DUnstandardized interview
31When an interviewer is fairly certain about the information he/she will uncover with the questions, a(n) _______ structure is useful.
- Asemistandardized interview
- Bstandardized interview
- Ccreative interview
- Dunstandardized interview
32When a researcher plans certain topics, but leaves the flow of the conversation open to follow the responses of the interviewee, he/she is using a(n) ______________ structure.
- Asemistandardized interview
- Bstandardized interview
- Ccreative interview
- Dunstandardized interview
33When a researcher assumes that the interview should have standard questions adapted to mirror the subjects' vocabularies and perspectives, and seeks to accommodate the varying interpretation of questions in the interview, this is a(n) _______ structure.
- Asemistandardized interview
- Bstandardized interview
- Ccreative interview
- Dunstandardized interview
34A question that asks a person to respond simultaneously to two issues in a single question, creating a false dichotomy creating the idea that the response must be one of the other, not both, is a(n) _____.
- Adouble-barreled question
- Boverly complex question
- Caffectively worded question
- Doverly simplified question
35When a researcher uses visual cues to evaluate respondent reaction to questions and types data into a laptop, it is called Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI)
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
36A facilitator who works to draw out feelings and ideas of the member of the focus group is called a(n) _______.
- Ainterviewer
- Binformant
- Cmoderator
- Dinterested listener
37When several members of the group jump on board for a particular idea or series of comments about a given idea, attitude, or belief as a result of subgroup pressure, this is called __________.
- Apeer pressure
- Bmoderation
- Csynergistic group effect
- Dgroup think
38Focus group data that reflect the collective notions shared and negotiated by a group are ______________.
- Acollective brainstorms
- Bgroup data
- Csynergistic group effects
- Dgroup think
39Points of agreement within the group refers to ____________.
- Aconsensus
- Bdissensus
- Cresonance
- Dgroup think
40The first person to write an article on the use of focus groups, or focused interview was
- AY.R. Zarchin
- BPaul Lazarsfeld
- CC. L. Adler
- DRobert K. Merton
41Which technique is most effective at revealing deep level biographical experiences of a person's group?
- AFocus groups
- BUnobtrusive measures
- CFace-to-face interviewing
- DParticipant observation
42What is the data collection instrument of a focus group called?
- AQuestion list
- BSurvey
- CModerator's guide
- DGroup activity list
43Field research on the cultural dimensions of organizations is called ____________.
- Astreet ethnography
- Borganizational ethnography
- Cmedical ethnography
- Dethnography
44A field research study conducted by nurses is called _________________.
- Astreet ethnography
- Borganizational ethnography
- Cmedical ethnography
- Dethnography
45A practice placing researchers in the midst of whatever it is they study where they can examine various phenomena as perceived by participants and represent these observations as accounts is called _____________.
- Astreet ethnography
- Borganizational ethnography
- Cmedical ethnography
- Dethnography
46The understanding of a social environment from an outsider position is called __________. This is the perspective created in the researcher's analysis, products of interpretations of meaning, theoretical and analytic explanations, and understandings of symbols as mediated through the researcher.
- Athick description
- Bsubjective soaking
- Cemic view
- Detic view
47A research endeavor that focuses on particular incisions at particular points in the larger setting, group, or institution that are thought to represent salient elements in the lives of participants and in turn, in the life of the larger group or institution is called ___________.
- Anew ethnography
- Bmacroethnography
- Cmicroethnography
- Dethnonursing research
48Which is NOT a characteristic common to action research?
- ACollaboration
- BIndependence
- CReflection
- DParticipation
49The action research phase in which the researcher creates a plan to improve the lives of the participants is called ___________.
- APlanning
- BLooking
- CThinking
- DAction
50The phase of action research in which the researcher assists the people in the research population with examining their situation and recognizing their problems is ____________.
- AGathering the Information to Answer the Questions
- BIdentifying the Research Question(s)
- CAnalyzing and Interpreting the Information
- DSharing the Results with the Participants
51The phase of action research in which the researcher examines the data in relation to potential resolutions to the questions or problems identified during the first stage of the research process is called _________________.
- AGathering the Information to Answer the Questions
- BIdentifying the Research Question(s)
- CAnalyzing and Interpreting the Information
- DSharing the Results with the Participants
52In action research, the researcher seeks to produce change, which requires meetings with participants at all phases of the research process. One technique an investigator can use to keep stakeholders informed is spontaneous meetings that form in response to particular circumstances or issues. These are called ___________.
- Afocus groups
- Bin-group forums
- Cinformal meetings
- Dagency
53During analysis of collected data, which question(s) will the researcher ask to focus in on specific actors, events, and activities that relate to the problems or issues at hand?
- AWhat and how
- BWhy
- CWho, where, when
- DWhether
54A type of action research in which the researcher is apart from the group studied, identifies a problem after learning information from some practitioner involved with the population, and provides information to the practitioner to test a theoretical framework for intervention. The practitioner then communicates with the group studied. This is called the _________.
- ATechnical/Scientific/Collaborative Mode
- BPractical/Mutual Collaborative/Deliberate Mode
- CEmancipating/Enhancing/Critical Mode
- DUtilization/Participation Mode
55The phase of photo research in which the researcher discusses the reasons why the participant took the photo, what the image means, and what the images are supposed to depict. This is the phase in which the photographer provides his or her voice to the researcher. This is called _______.
- Aselecting photographs
- Bcontextualizing stories
- Ccodifying
- Dcapturing photographs
56What aspect of research do unobtrusive measures circumvent?
- AUnethical practices
- BResearcher bias
- CResearcher reactivity
- DUnsound methods
57Officers reading local newspapers from across the state, looking for articles about fraudulent bank checks, car thefts, certain con-games, and other patterns of criminal behaviors to create charts of cities and crimes is an example of _____________.
- Ascience of garbology
- Bofficial documentary records
- Ccrime analysis
- Dactuarial records
58Any type of written, drawn, or recorded (video or audio) materials produced for general or mass consumption is called _______. Examples include newspapers, books, magazines, television program transcripts, videotapes, comics, maps, and blogs.
- Aprivate archives
- Bcommercial media accounts
- Cactuarial records
- Dofficial documentary records
59Records originally produced for a special limited audience that eventually find their way into public domain, and convey important and useful information are called________. Examples of this type of record include official court transcripts, police reports, census information, financial records, crime statistics, school records, and similar documents.
- Aprivate archives
- Bcommercial media accounts
- Cactuarial records
- Dofficial documentary records
60A type of record that is most familiar to novice researchers. It includes the span of life of an individual from his or her earliest recall to the time of writing the work, and includes descriptions of life experiences, personal insights, and anecdotal reminiscences. This is called ________.
- Aprivate archives
- Bcomprehensive autobiography
- Cedited autobiography
- Dtopical autobiography
61A type of record in which researchers serve as editors and commentators to eliminate any repetition
in descriptions, and shorten lengthy discourses. Researchers highlight selected segments and delete
other segments. This type of record is called ________.- Aprivate archives
- Bcomprehensive autobiography
- Cedited autobiography
- Dtopical autobiography
62An underutilized type of private archival material used in research is the ___________.
- ALetter
- BDiary
- CAutobiography
- DBlog
63The private archival material that can be criticized for removing evidence of the text's author through writing and other practices, but contains information on the social contours of a given time, ideological orientations of a group, or self-reflections about one's activities is the ___________.
- ALetter
- BDiary
- CAutobiography
- DBlog
64The private archival material that is geared for a dual audience, and must involve a consideration of the social roles and personal relationships of both the writer and the reader, is the___________.
- ALetter
- BDiary
- CAutobiography
- DBlog
65The physical items left behind humans are called traces. The category of traces that are indicators that build up or accumulate over time are measures of __________.
- Aofficial documentary records
- Baccretion
- Cphysical erosion
- Darchival strategies
66Which term is synonymous with the word past, and refers conceptually to facts and events of long ago?
- ANostalgia
- BHistorical research
- CHistoriography
- DHistory
67Which term attempts to systematically recapture the complex nuances, the people, meanings, events, and ideas of the past that have shaped the present?
- ANostalgia
- BHistorical research
- CHistoriography
- DHistory
68Which kind of source is an oral or written testimony of an event created by a person who was not immediately present at the event?
- APrimary
- BSecondary
- CTertiary
- DQuaternary
69Which kind of source is an oral or written testimony of an event created by a person who was not immediately present at the event?
- APrimary
- BSecondary
- CTertiary
- DQuaternary
70When researchers are using primary source materials, they first must determine if the document or artifact is authentic and valid. What is this process called?
- AExternal criticism
- BInternal criticism
- CAnalysis
- DIdentification
71Propaganda that is intentionally biased to create hate toward one group would be filtered out as a genuine, but invalid source during which process?
- AExternal criticism
- BInternal criticism
- CPlagiarism
- DInvestigator detection
72Which type of source is a book of facts and knowledge trivia an example of?
- APrimary
- BSecondary
- CTertiary
- DQuaternary
73Which type of source is a girl's description in her diary of her birthday party?
- APrimary
- BSecondary
- CTertiary
- DQuaternary
74Which kind of source is a journal article, or textbook?
- APrimary
- BSecondary
- CTertiary
- DQuaternary
75Which type of source is a drawing of a disaster site created by an artist watching the event?
- APrimary
- BSecondary
- CTertiary
- DQuaternary
76A technique that allows the researcher to gain access to the day-to-day accounts of real people without a filter from the "official" perspective and without limits to the class in power is called __________.
- AExternal criticism
- BInternal criticism
- COral history
- DIdentification
77A Web site run by a nonprofit company that seeks to identify and archive billions of Web pages to help researchers seek historical information on a variety of topics and areas is called ____.
- AInternet Archive
- BSlave Narratives from the Federal Writer's Project
- CWhat Did You Do in the War, Grandma?
- DHogan Jazz Archive
78When do case studies take place?
- APrior to a staged event to observe planning dynamics
- BDuring a naturally occurring social event
- CDuring a staged event planned by researchers
- DAfter the event occurs
79A case study requires a deep and full examination of the case through ___________.
- Aonly primary sources
- Bmultiple methods and/or sources
- Cdeep detailed interviewing
- Donly secondary and tertiary sources
80The process by which people understand the stimuli with which they are confronted, how they frame what they see and hear, and how they interpret their own actions and go about solving problems is called _________.
- Acase study
- Bsensemaking
- Cembedded case study
- Dethnobiography
81Which researcher quality can be tested by a researcher's openness to findings that contradict the original research hypothesis?
- Ainquiring mind
- BAbility to listen and sense
- Cadaptability
- Dunbiased interpretation
82Which researcher quality indicates that the researcher is willing to ask questions before, during, and after data collection to determine the true reasons the event is happening?
- AInquiring mind
- BAbility to listen and sense
- CUnderstanding of the issues
- DUnbiased interpretation
83Which researcher quality allows the researcher to record data while interpreting and reacting to the data collected?
- AInquiring mind
- BAbility to listen and sense
- CUnderstanding of the issues
- DUnbiased interpretation
84Which type of personal document can provide insight into the writer's deepest thoughts such as why a battle is fought, or why serial killers kill through reflecting the inner world of the writer communicated to another?
- ADiary
- BLetter
- CMemo
- DPhoto and video
85Which type of personal document requires analysis to determine why it is recorded, and then can provide a window into personal life and relationships?
- ADiary
- BLetter
- CMemo
- DPhoto and video
86Which type of case study involves extensive research of several instrumental cases intended to allow better understanding, insight, or improved ability to theorize about a broader context?
- AEmbedded case study
- BIntrinsic case study
- CInstrumental case study
- DCollective case study
87A researcher undertakes a case study because something important has happened, and he/she wants to understand the particular problem because it is unique and interesting. The researcher is not trying to develop new grounded theory or to test abstract theory. Which type of case study is this example of?
- AEmbedded case study
- BIntrinsic case study
- CInstrumental case study
- DCollective case study
88Which research design may be seen as a prelude to a large social scientific study, which may or may not involve case studies?
- AExploratory case study
- BExplanatory case study
- CDescriptive case study
- DEmbedded case study
89Which research design uses pattern-matching techniques to examine a plurality of influences in a case study with the goal of analyzing the many factors that build a causal explanation for the case?
- AExploratory case study
- BExplanatory case study
- CDescriptive case study
- DEmbedded case study
90Which type of case study is a set of multiple case studies of the same entity using a multi-design approach to provide a holistic view of the dynamics of the research subject?
- ASnapshot case study
- BLongitudinal case study
- CPre–post case study
- DPatchwork case study
91Which type of case study investigates one research entity at multiple points in time?
- ASnapshot case study
- BLongitudinal case study
- CPre–post case study
- DComparative case study
92What is a careful, detailed, systematic examination and interpretation of a particular body of material in an effort to identify patterns, themes, biases, and meanings?
- AContent analysis
- BInterpretative approaches
- CSocial anthropological approaches
- DCollaborative approaches
93Which involves a researcher working with subjects within the established research setting to accomplish a change or action?
- AContent analysis
- BInterpretative approaches
- CSocial anthropological approaches
- DCollaborative approaches
94Which content analysis technique involves coding categories derived from the raw data itself, in order to generate theories, or theoretically connected explanations the document under analysis?
- ADirected content analysis
- BSummative content analysis
- CConventional content analysis
- DNarrative content analysis
95Which content analysis technique involves beginning with existing words and phrases from the raw data, and then extending the exploration to understand latent meanings and themes apparent in the data?
- ADirected content analysis
- BSummative content analysis
- CConventional content analysis
- DNarrative content analysis
96Which is the term for elements that describe the physically present and countable elements of data content?
- AManifest content
- BEvident content
- CLatent content
- DConcealed content
97Manifest content is comparable to the ________ present in the message.
- Asurface structure
- Bhidden structure
- Cdeep structural meaning
- Dthick description
98Which piece of communication should be analyzed in terms of explicit themes, relative emphasis on various topics, and the amount of space or time devoted to certain topics?
- AAudience
- BAnnouncement
- CSender
- DMessage
99Which term describes the categories revealed during coding of the text that look beyond the conscious perspective of the speaker to pull in a broader understanding of the social scientific knowledge base?
- AIdeological stances
- BSociological constructs
- CIn vivo codes
- DCommunication themes
100Which unit of analysis counts the number of times a specific person is mentioned in the data?
- ASemantics
- BCharacters
- CConcepts
- DItems
101Which unit of analysis measures clusters of words around a certain idea, that is typically a variable in the research hypothesis?
- ASemantics
- BCharacters
- CConcepts
- DItems
102Which term describes labels used by members of certain areas to distinguish among things, persons, and events using jargonized terms that may reflect out-group versus in-group classifications?
- ATheoretical classes
- BConcept classes
- CSpecial classes
- DCommon classes
10312. Which type of coding is designed to inquire widely to include many coding categories carefully and minutely to ensure theoretical grounding later on during the research analysis?
- AOpen coding
- BCoding by topic
- CDescriptive coding
- DAnalytic coding
104Which type of coding is the second type according to Morse and Richards, and involves gathering material by topic group?
- AOpen coding
- BCoding by topic
- CDescriptive coding
- DAnalytic coding
Información
- Descripción
- Family Studies Test sobre Qualitative Research Final Exam, creado por Courtney Westerberg el 16/04/2017.
- Autor
- Courtney Westerberg
- Idioma
- English
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