Test
Exam 5 - Minerals, Ch 11, 13 & 14
Preguntas del test (59)
1All of the following are considered major electrolytes EXCEPT _____.
- Acalcium
- Bsodium
- Cpotassium
- Dchloride
2Which of the following is considered a major mineral in the body?
- AIron
- Bsodium
- Cselenium
- Diodine
3Which mineral is the most abundant cation in the human body?
- APhosphorus
- BMagnesium
- CCalcium
- DPotassium
4Calcitriol can stimulate the absorption of calcium from the intestines by regulating _____and related proteins.
- Acalsequestrin
- Bcalcitonin
- Ccalmodulin
- Dcalbindin
5Paracellular absorption of calcium
- Arelies on transmembrane proteins called claudins
- Brequires a membrane channel protein called TRPV6
- Crequires energy and is saturable
- Dincreases with low dietary calcium intakes
6What substance can improve calcium absorption?
- Alactose
- Bunabsorbed fatty acids
- Cphytic acid
- Dmagnesium
7_____ is secreted in response to low plasma calcium concentrations and acts on the kidney to increase synthesis of _____, which promotes renal reabsorption of calcium.
- Aparathyroid hormone, calcitonin
- Bparathyroid hormone, calcitriol
- Ccalcitonin, calcitriol
- Dcalcitriol, calmodulin
8Which cells are considered the bone-building cells?
- Aosteonectins
- Bosteopontins
- Costeoclasts
- Dosteoblasts
9During which period of the life cycle does peak bone mass occur?
- Achildhood
- Bpuberty
- Cearly adulthood
- Dmiddle age
10The binding protein that regulates many of the calcium-dependent enzymes is:
- Acalcitonin
- Bcalmodulin
- Calbumin
- Dglobulin
11Which mineral, when combined with unabsorbed dietary fat, forms soaps that cannot be absorbed and are excreted in the feces?
- Acalcium
- Bsulphur
- Cpotassium
- Dchloride
12When serum albumin levels decline by 1 g/dL, serum calcium will decrease by _____.
- A0.4 mg/dL
- B0.8 mg/dL
- C1.0 mg/dL
- D0.5 g/dL
13In the renal system, which mineral regulates body fluid pH by reacting with secreted hydrogen ions, releasing sodium ions in the process?
- Asulphur
- Bmagnesium
- Ccalcium
- Dphosphorus
14Which two minerals are the major part of the crystal, hydroxyapatite, formed in ossification of bone?
- Asodium, chloride
- Bsulphur, magnesium
- Ccalcium, phosphorus
- Dcalcium, potassium
15Which hormone both increases release of bone phosphorus into the blood and promotes urinary excretion of phosphorus?
- Acalcitonin
- Bcalcitriol
- Cparathyroid hormone
- Dinsulin
16Phosphate balance is achieved largely by _____.
- Arenal excretion
- Bfecal excretion
- Ccontrol of absorption of vitamin D
- Dcontrol of absorption by phytates
17Which of the following minerals plays a major role in regulating body fluid pH?
- Acalcium
- Bmagnesium
- Csulphur
- Dphosphorus
18Malnourished individuals being refed who exhibit the “refeeding syndrome” may have low serum concentrations of _____.
- Acalcium
- Bsodium
- Cphosphorus
- Dchloride
19Which mineral is LEAST likely to be deficient in anyone's diet?
- Acalcium
- Bphosphorus
- Ciodine
- Dchromium
20Which mineral is part of the green chlorophyll pigment in green leafy vegetables?
- Amagnesium
- Bsodium
- Cpotassium
- Dsulfur
21Which of the following statements is true?
- AIn muscle contraction, the roles of calcium and magnesium are antagonistic, with calcium promoting the process and magnesium being the inhibitor.
- BMagnesium promotes phosphorus absorption.
- CCalcium and magnesium promote each other’s reabsorption in the kidney.
- DCalcium may cause an alteration in magnesium distribution by changing the flux of magnesium across the cell membrane or displacing it on its binding sites.
22By what mechanism is vitamin C thought to protect bone health?
- Abuffering for acid-base balance
- Bdiminishing bone resorption
- Ccarboxylation of osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein
- Dcontributing to the integrity of bone collagen
23By what mechanism is vitamin K thought to protect bone health?
- Abuffering for acid-base balance
- Bdiminishing bone resorption
- Ccarboxylation of osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein
- Dcontributing to the integrity of bone collagen
24Iron content of the average Western diet is estimated to be about
- A1-4 mg per 1,000 kcal
- B5-7 mg per 1,000 kcal
- C8-15 mg/day
- D18 g/day
25Which of the following dietary substances inhibits uptake of non-heme iron?
- Aascorbic acid
- Blactic acid
- Ctea
- DMFP
26Absorption of dietary iron is regulated by _____, produced by the liver when iron stores are high and released to the blood to act at the surface of enterocytes and macrophages.
- Ahepcidin
- Bhepaestin
- Cferroportin
- Dhemoglobin
27Which mineral is critical for oxidizing iron to be bound by transferrin for delivery to the tissues from the gut and liver?
- Azinc
- Bmanganese
- Ccopper
- Dchromium
28Where would you find iron regulatory element binding protein (IRE-BP)?
- Acytosol
- Bnucleus
- Cmitochondria
- Dnone of the above
29In the presence of low intracellular iron, the binding of iron regulatory protein (IRE-BP) to iron response elements (IRE) present on the ferritin mRNA:
- Aresults in a decrease in ferritin abundance
- Bresults in an increase in ferritin abundance
- Coccurs only when intracellular iron concentrations are high
- Ddoesn't occur
30The binding of iron by proteins defends the cells against
- Airon deposition in kidneys and other organs
- Boxidative damage from free radicals
- Ctissue hypoxia
- Dstellate cells
31Which statement is false?
- AHemosiderin is the primary storage form of iron in cells.
- BIron is stored mainly in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen.
- CIron is released more slowly from hemosiderin than from ferritin.
- DFerritin is an unstable compound that is constantly being degraded and resynthesized.
32The following vitamins/ minerals are required for heme synthesis:
- AVit E, vit C, and iron
- Bfolate, B12, and iron
- CB6, zinc and iron
- Dcopper, zinc and folate
33Which mineral facilitates transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain?
- Acalcium
- Bnickel
- Czinc
- Diron
34Excessive intake of non-heme iron interferes with absorption of which mineral by an unknown mechanism?
- Amanganese
- Bzinc
- Cchromium
- Dselenium
35ZIP4
- Amutations result in zinc toxicity due to acrodermatitis enteropathica
- Bis the primary transporter of zinc into enterocytes
- Cis expressed only in the liver
- Ddegrades more rapidly when zinc intakes are low
36Which trace mineral participates in the greatest number of enzyme systems?
- Azinc
- Biron
- Cselenium
- Dcopper
37The enzyme that converts retinol to retinal and ethanol to acetyl-aldehyde contains 4 ____ atoms.
- Acopper
- Biodine
- Czinc
- Diron
38 Zinc is important for taste perception as a component of _____.
- Acarbonic anhydrase
- Balcohol dehydrogenase
- Cgustin
- Dthionein
39At the cellular level, which mineral interacts with vitamin A by promoting growth and helping to synthesize retinol-binding protein?
- Acobalt
- Bzinc
- Csilicon
- Dchromium
40Which vitamin may enhance copper reduction?
- Aniacin
- Bbiotin
- Cascorbic acid
- Dbeta-carotene
41Which of the following dietary components impedes copper absorption?
- Agluconate
- Bphosphate
- Ccitric acid
- Dphytic acid
42The protein that plays a dual function in both iron and copper homeostasis is:
- Aferritin
- Btransferrin
- Cmetallotheionein
- Dceruloplasmin
43What glycoprotein serves as a transporter of copper, an antioxidant, and an oxidative enzyme?
- Aalbumin
- Bglobulin
- Cceruplopasmin
- Dfree amino acid
44What two minerals can cause damage to cells when in their free ion forms?
- Airon and copper
- Bzinc and molybdenum
- Ciodine and manganese
- Dzinc and copper
45When superoxide radicals accumulate, superoxide dismutase catalyzes the formation of hydrogen peroxide. What happens to the hydrogen peroxide?
- Ait freely dissociates to water
- Bit is excreted in the urine and through the lungs
- Cit is converted to water and oxygen via catalase and glutathione
- Dit is used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA
46Glutathione loses two electrons when it acts as an antioxidant. Glutathione is _____.
- Aoxidized
- Breduced
47What is important in antioxidant DEFENSE?
- Airon
- Bsuperoxide dismutase
- Cglutathione
- Dmore than one
- Eall of these
48The addition to the diet of which food will alleviate the problem of endemic goiter?
- Acabbage
- Bbroccoli
- Ccassava
- Diodized salt
49As cofactors for proteins, minerals only serve a catalytic role.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
50Iron regulatory protein (IRE-BP) is activated (i.e., to bind IREs) by iron
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
51Endocytosis is the mechanism for a transferrin receptor transporting iron into a cell.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
52Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that ultimately results in the excessive accumulation of iron in certain tissues.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
53Zinc deficiency could result in a secondary deficiency of folate, because polyglutamate hydrolase is a zinc-containing enzyme.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
54Albumin carries zinc and copper in the portal circulation to all tissues in the body.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
55Metallothionein is a storage protein for excess zinc, copper, and iron.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
56Copper deficiency can result in iron deficiency due to an inability to oxidize iron (i.e., Fe+++), required for transport by transferrin.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
57Regulation of translation is not a mechanism for nutrients to induce protein synthesis.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
58Which micromineral plays a contributing role in the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals that are more resistant to acid erosion?
- Aarsenic
- Bselenium
- Cnickel
- Dfluoride
59Which of the following interacts with fluoride in such a way as to inhibit absorption?
- Aaluminum
- Bphosphate
- Ccalcium
- Dsodium
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Exam 5 - Minerals, Ch 11, 13 & 14, creado por Ella Buxton el 25/04/2017.
- Autor
- Ella Buxton
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 8
- Valoración
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