Test
Exam 5 Ch 12 - Water and electrolytes
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Preguntas del test (33)
1Which process gives the body the capacity to maintain constancy in the internal environment?
- Aosmotic pressure
- Bosmolality
- Chomeostasis
- Dacid-base balance
2Water accounts for what percentage of the body weight in a normal adult?
- A20%
- B40%
- C60%
- D80%
3Which body water reservoir is made up of plasma and interstitial fluid?
- Aintracellular
- Bextracellular
- Ctotal body water
- Dglomerular fluids
4Colloid osmotic pressure attracts water into the plasma and is mainly due to _____.
- Alarge protein molecules
- Bthe pumping of the heart
- Csodium ions
- Dchloride ions
5What is the major filtration force in the capillaries that is responsible for controlling movement of water from plasma to interstitial fluid and from interstitial fluid into plasma?
- Acolloid osmotic pressure
- Btheoretic osmotic pressure
- Chydrostatic pressure
- Deffective osmotic pressure
6What percentage of blood volume is circulated through the kidneys?
- A25%
- B50%
- C75%
- D100%
7Which of the components comprising the nephron includes the capillary network called the glomerulus?
- Acollecting duct
- Bdistal convoluted tubule
- Cloop of henle
- Dbowman's capsule
8Which organs are responsible for regulation of extracellular water osmolarity and volume?
- Ahypothalamus and kidney
- Bliver and pancreas
- Cpancreas and kidney
- Dspleen and bone marrow
9What percentage of the glomerular filtrate volume is excreted as urine each day?
- A100%
- B50%
- C25%
- D1%
10Which hormone, mediated by the enzyme renin, is primarily responsible for active reabsorption of sodium ions in the distal and collecting tubules?
- Aantidiruetic hormone
- Balodsterone
- Candrosterone
- Dadrenocortical
11Which hormone, stimulated by increased blood pressure stretching the heart, functions to inhibit sodium reabsorption to promote sodium excretion?
- Avasopressin
- Batrial naturiuertic peptide
- Caldosterone
- Dangiotensin II
12Which of the following is NOT a cationic electrolyte of extracellular fluid?
- Asodium
- Bpotassium
- Cchloride
- Dbicarbonate
13In which part of the nephron is most of the filtered sodium reabsorbed?
- Aascending loop of henle
- Bdistal convoluted tubule
- Ccollecting ducts
- Dproximal tubule
14Dietary intake of which mineral correlates positively with blood pressure?
- Amagnesium
- Bcalcium
- Cpotassium
- Dsodium
15A clinically useful parameter in establishing metabolic disorders that can alter electrolyte balance is:
- Ablood urea nitrogen
- Bcreatinine
- Chomeostatic ion regulation.
- Danion gap
16Incidence of hypertension in populations is considered predictable by _____.
- Aserum sodium concentration
- Burinary sodium excretion
- Caverage daily sodium intake
- Dsodium filtration rate by the kidney
17A food may be labeled “low sodium” if each serving provides
- Aless than 5 mg
- Bless than 35 mg.
- Cless than140 mg.
- Dless than 240 mg.
18Significant loss of what mineral occurs when one exercises vigorously while the temperature is high?
- Asulphur
- Bphopshorus
- Csodium
- Dpotassium
19Which mineral serves as the major intracellular fluid cation?
- ACa
- BCl
- CNa
- DK
20Which is the chief cation of intracellular fluid for which maintenance of normal levels is essential to life of the cells?
- ACa
- BNa
- CK
- DBicarbonate
21What is the condition that may result in cardiac arrhythmias when extracellular potassium is increased?
- Ahypernatremia
- Bhypokalemia
- Chyperkalemia
- Dhyponatremia
22Which mineral is the most abundant anion found in extracellular fluid?
- ANa
- BCl
- CP
- DMg
23What is a major function of chloride?
- Aprotein synthesis in cells
- Bthe principal intracellular electrolyte
- Cwound healing
- Dmaintenance of gastric acidity
24Acid-base balance refers to
- Athe ratio of acidic and basic foods consumed each day.
- Bthe concentration of the bicarbonate ion in the red blood cells
- Cthe control of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids
- Dhomeostasis
25Which of the following is NOT one of the principal regulatory mechanisms for guarding against fluctuation in pH?
- Atemperature variation
- Bbuffer systems
- Crespiratory center
- Drenal regulation
26When the plasma concentration of H ions exceeds the normal range the condition is called:
- Aalkalosis
- Bacidosis
27Which of the physiological buffers has the most potent buffering capacity?
- Abicarbonate-carbonic acid system
- Bhydrochloric acid system
- Cphosphates
- Dproteins
28Of these blood proteins, which one contributes most to buffering?
- Aalbumin
- Bgamma globulins
- Chemoglobin
- Dtransthyretin
29What enzyme facilitates diffusion of carbon dioxide from tissue cells and its reaction with water so that carbon dioxide can be carried to the lungs?
- Arenin
- Bangiotensinogen
- Cangiotensin
- Dcarbonic anhydrase
30When hyperventilation occurs there is:
- Aan increased loss of CO2 and a decreased production of carbonic acid.
- Ba decreased loss of CO2 and an increased production of carbonic acid.
31When a person hyperventilates and “blows off” CO2, what effect does this have on pH?
- Alower it
- Braises it
- Cdoes not alter
- Ddelays any changes
32What is the condition that occurs in starvation or diabetes in which there is an increase in the urinary excretion of ammonia?
- Ametabolic alkalosis
- Bmetabolic acidosis
33Restoration of normal pH is accomplished by the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid. Which buffer is controlled by the kidneys?
- Abicarbonate
- Bcarbonic acid
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Exam 5 Ch 12 - Water and electrolytes, creado por Ella Buxton el 26/04/2017.
- Autor
- Ella Buxton
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 6
- Valoración
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