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Realism, Idealism, and Skepticism on Knowledge
Fichas del conjunto (57)
- 1realismaccepts that the world is real and we get knowledge from the world
- 2idealismdenies the world is real, but we do have true ideas
- 3skepticismdenies that the world is real and we do not have real knowledge
- 4Pythagoras of Samosinvented the term philosophy
- 5philosophy"philia tes sophia";
love of wisdom - 6mysticismcombines spirituality and the search for truth
- 7First Causethe ultimate explanation of reality
- 8epistemologystudy of knowledge
- 9Process of Abstractiongaining knowledge by "pulling it out" from the world;
has two parts: Act of Sensation and the Act of the Intellect - 10corporealphysical body
- 11phantasmrealist term for memories;
"present to the mind" - 12ultimate propositionsstarting points for knowledge
- 13first principlesself-evident proposition that is immediately grasped by the intellect
- 14intelligere (intellect)to read what is inside
- 15Correspondence Theory of Truthan objective theory of truth since ideas are correlated with objects outside the mind
- 16accidenta nonessential property;
quality secondary to a things essence - 17cogitativepertaining to human knowledge
- 18corruptionceasing to be of a thing;
from being to non-being - 19customDavid Hume's concept that refers to the principle by which humans come to believe that things are connected, although reason cannot find any connection
- 20determinednot free
- 21existentialpertaining to the existence of a thing
- 22forma shape or pattern of a thing
- 23genusa class, kind, or group marked by common characteristic(s)
- 24hylomorphism"matter/form";
indicates the unified nature of composite substances - 25incorporealimmaterial;
no physical body - 26incorruptibleimmortal;
cannot not exist - 27generationthe coming to be of a thing;
from non-being to being - 28innatesomething that is within
- 29libertyfree will
- 30matterthat in which or out of which change takes place, and which remains present throughout the change
- 31metaphysics"beyond the physical";
refers to anything immaterial - 32naturethe inherent character of a person or thing
- 33necessitythat which cannot be other than it is
- 34perceptionsensation
- 35purposewhether or not something has an internal direction, plan, or design
- 36quiddity"whatness";
whatever makes something to be the specific kind of thing it is - 37speciesa class of individuals having common attributes and designated by a common name;
a sensible object - 38Rene DescartesFrench philosopher who attend Jesuit Universities;
father of the modern scientific method - 39scholasticismwhat is taught in the schools
- 40absolute truthtruths that are undoubtable
- 41Methodic DoubtThe systematic refusal to accept as true and certain anything in the contents of the mind which can even be the slightest bit doubtful.
- 42cogito, ero sum"I think, therefore I am";
how Decartes gets out of doubt;
if you think, then you are active and doing something, then you can be certain you exist - 43Decartes's melting waxFirst: the wax is hard, colored, smelled sweet, and made a sound when struck.
Second: the melted wax was soft, clear, had no smell or taste, and made no sound when struck.
The idea of wax has not changed. Therefore, your senses have deceived you. - 44Ontological Argumentontos = being;
proves the existence of God from the idea of God;
we are imperfect and the idea of God is perfect, and perfect ideas cannot come from imperfect ideas (only a perfect being can come up with the idea of a perfect being, that being being God - 45clear and distinct ideasare true and certain
- 46Idealist Theory of KnowledgeWhen you see an object, say a baseball, you create an image of that object in your mind (imagination). Your mind can then make clear and distinct judgments, ex. the baseball has mass, weight, and shape.
- 47impressionsimmediate data of sense experience;
that is, the actual feeling in our hands, the flavor on our tongue, the sound in our ears, the light in our eyes, smell in our nose. - 48ideas (skepticism)the copies, or faint images of impressions in thinking and reasoning;
that is, all of our ideas are copies or faint images of things we have experienced - 49salongathering of people under the roof of an inspiring host, held partly to amuse one another and partly to refine the taste and increase the knowledge of the participants through conversation
- 50Enlightenmenttime when scientists, like Newton, thought we, humans, could solve all the mysteries of the universe
- 51Post-Enlightenmenttime when people, like Humes, thought human minds were weak and we can't possible solve the mysteries of the universe
- 52nonsensenot sensed
- 53British Empirical SchoolBritish philosophers that had a similar idea about the senses
- 54Skeptic's Theory of KnowledgeWe sense what is around us, and they give us an impression. This impression is stored as a faint idea.
- 55Relations of Ideasa proposition that is demonstratively certain, ie. geometry and mathematics
- 56Matters of Factall other contents of the mind;
copies of our sense experience - 57a prioriprior to
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- Descripción
- Made for Rockhurst University course, Reality and Human Existence.
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- badern
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