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Chemistry - Unit 1 Key Definitions
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- 1NomenclatureA system of names, and the rules for using them
- 2Unsaturated HydrocarbonA compound consisting of only carbon and hydrogen containing at least 1 carbon=carbon double bond
- 3Homologous SeriesAn organic series with the same functional group but with each member differing by CH2
- 4Functional GroupA group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
- 5AlkaneA homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2
- 6AlkeneThe homologous series with C=C double bonds with the general formula CnH2n
- 7General FormulaThe simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series.
- 8Empirical FormulaThe simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
- 9Structural formulaThe minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
- 10Displayed FormulaThe relative positioning of atoms in a molecule with bonds drawn between them
- 11Skeletal FormulaThe simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from Alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
- 12Structural IsomersIsomers with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
- 13Positional IsomerismWhen a functional group is on a different numbered carbon (A type of structural isomerism)
- 14Chain IsomerismWhen branches occur in a chain
- 15StereoisomerismCompounds with the same structural formula but with a different 3D arrangement in space
- 16E/Z IsomerismWhere two different groups are attached to each carbon atom of a C=C double bond.
- 17Cis-Trans IsomerismA special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups are the same
- 18Homolytic FissionWhen a covalent bond breaks giving one electron to each atom, creating 2 neutral radicals.
- 19Hetrolytic FissoinWhen a covalent bond breaks and gives both electrons to 1 atom forming 2 charged ions (1 positive and 1 negative)
- 20RadicalA species with an unpaired electron
- 21NucleophileAn electron pair donor
- 22ElectrophileAn electron pair acceptor
- 23Addition ReactionWhen a species adds to another species - Requires a C=C carbon, carbon double bond
- 24Substitution ReactionWhen a species replaces another species in a reaction
- 25Elimination ReactionWhen a species is removed from a molecule - This usually forms a C=C double bond
- 26Nucleophilic SubstitutionWhen a Nucleophile replaces a leaving group (usually a halogen)
- 27Free Radical SubstitutionWhen a free radical replaces a species in a reaction
- 28Fractional DistilationWhen a mixture (eg. crude oil) is split into its components by their different boiling points
- 29CrackingWhen a long chain alkane is split into a shorter chain alkane and an alkene
- 30CombustionWhen a compound reacts (is burnt) completely in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
- 31Incomplete combustionWhen a compound reacts (is burnt) in insufficient oxygen to form a mixture of carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water
- 32π - BondFormed by the sideways overlap of adjacent P orbitals
- 33PolymerA high molecular mass compound formed from a long chain of monomers
- 34MonomerA small molecule, usually an Alkene, used to build a polymer
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- Fichas sobre Chemistry - Unit 1 Key Definitions, creado por 09hpenny el 28/01/2015.
- Creado por
- 09hpenny · ene 2015
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- 19 feb 2016
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