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Primary Health Care in Action
Fichas del conjunto (75)
- 1Primary Health Care Principles 6 principlesAccessible health care
Appropriate technology
Health promotion
Cultural sensitivity
Intersectoral collaboration
Community participation - 2Social Determinants of HealthAge, sex and hereditary factors
Individual lifestyle factors
Living and working conditions
Social and community networks
General socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions - 3Primary CareIs the first line of care when a person is sick or injured. Primary care is an element of primary health care
- 4The Social GradientThose who earn income at successively higher level have better health than those who are unemployed or have lower levels of income
- 5What is WellnessA state of harmony between the physical, emotional, social and spiritual health of the individual and their environment.
- 6What is EmpowermentEmpowerment is a key construct in health promotion wherein people are enabled to feel in control of their lives.
- 7What is HealthA multilayered social and ecological phenomenon created in the context of community life
- 8What is the Relationship between Social Determinants of Health & Primary Health CareSDH are the social factors that impact on health.
PHC is a set of principles to guide health professional in helping create socially just, equitable conditions for good health. - 9Social CapitalA sense of trust, civic engagement, participation and belonging.
- 10Health LiteracyThe ability to make sound health decisions in everyday life.
- 11Levels of Health LiteracyKnowledge to choose - Functional
Ability to Influence - Communicative
Skills for action - Critical
Capable of community action - Civic - 12When was the Declaration of Alma Ata created Goal - Health for all by year1978
2000 - 13GlobalisationIntegration of the world economy through the movement of goods and services, capital, technology and labour
- 14What is a health city?A city where people have choices that can help them reach their maximum potential
- 15Community Assessment1. Map community strengths, resources, needs and risks.
2. Find out from community members what they identify as their strengths & needs
3. Create a snapshot of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
4. Work with community to develop intervention strategies for improvement or measures that sustain positive community life. - 16What is the rate and how is it calculatedA measure of the frequency of a disease or condition, calculated by dividing prevalence by the incidence multiplied by a population base number (1000 0r 100,000).
- 17What is incidence?The number of new case of a disease or health issue in a specific period of time, divided by the population at risk multiplied by the base number.
- 18What is prevalence?The total number (new plus existing) of cases of a disease or health issue in a population at any one time, divided by the population at risk multiplied by the base number.
- 19Relative RiskA measure of the extent to which a group exposed to a risk has a higher rate
- 20Dimensions of HealthPhysical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social and environmental
- 21Standard Domains For The RNProfessional Practice
Critical Thinking
Provision and Coordination of Care
Collaborative and Therapeutic Practice - 22National Health Priority Areas 1996 9 PrioritiesCardiovascular Health
Cancer Control
Injury Prevention And Control
Mental Health
Diabetes Mellitus
Asthma
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Conditions
Obesity
Dementia - 23The Millennium Development Goals 8 Goals1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce Child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDs, Malaria & other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development - 24Primary PreventionAction to reduce or eliminate disease or reduce the onset, causes, complications or recurrence of disease
Upstream - Promoting, maintaining health (improving conditions) - 25Secondary PreventionEarly Detection of health problems
prevent complications when illness is present
minimise negative health outcomes and aid recovery
Midstream - Appropriate treatment protection from harm or disability after illness or injury - 26Tertiary PreventionReduction of complications associated with acute or chronic illness aim is to achieve optimal wellness.
Downstream - Rehabilitation, coping (managing health & illness) - 27Health PromotionThe process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health - 1986
A process, a strategy and an approach & has emerged as a powerful public health philosophy - 2002-2005 - 28Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion1986
Shift in focus from disease prevention and individual responsibility for health to health promotion through building health public policy.
Emphasis on creating a social, economic and political environment supportive of sustaining improvement in the health of populations - 29Ottawa Charter EmblemBuilding health public policy
Creating environments which support health living
Strengthening community action
Developing personal skills
Reorient health care system and health services - 30Three basic Health Promotion Strategies1. Enable - individuals, communities and populations to enhance their own health
2. Mediate - need to mediate change and conflict between groups
3. Advocate - need to get the message out - 31Health Promotion into the 21st CenturyJakarta 1997
- 32Health EducationIs any combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes
- 33Health CommunicationMedia campaigns
Limited reach media - posters etc
Mass reach media - television - 34Intersectoral CollaborationThe cooperation or working together of all sectors who are involved in improving health
- 35Community ParticipationThe involvement of consumers, carers and communities in decision making about their own healthcare and healthcare services
- 36In order to change our client's health behaviours nurses and midwives need to1. Assess the clients learning needs
2. Assess the clients learning styles
3. Assess clients readiness to learn
4. All of the Above - 37The 4 most common learning styles areVisual
Aural
Read/Write
Kinsestheic - 38Factors which influence a person's readiness to learn includeLearning style, motivation to learn
Emotional barriers, cultural & religion
Physical and/or cognitive limitations
Language barriers - 39Stages of Health Behaviour ChangePrecontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance - 40Factors Influencing Behaviour ChangePredisposing Factors
Enabling Factors
Reinforcing Factors - 41Predisposing FactorsKnowledge beliefs & attitudes based on life experience, age, race & socio economic
- 42Enabling FactorsAssist the client to make the change readiness to learn, learning styles, resources, time & money
- 43Reinforcing FactorsPresence or absence of support encouragement or discouragement access to health care
- 44What is Community?At its most basic community means "that which is common"
- 45Types of Community1. Community of Place - Geographical - Global, urban, rural &
Relational - Online communities
2. Communities of common interest or affiliation - share attitudes, activities, religious, cultural groups - 46Healthy CommunityCommunity health is characterised by the presence of strong social capital, engaged and empowered community members, a dynamic and healthy physical, social and spiritual environment, accessible, affordable and equitable services and resources, and a system of governance that is inclusive and responsive to community members in addressing the Social Determinants of Health
- 47Population HealthThe organised response by society to protect and promote health, and so prevent illness, injury, disability and early morality. The programs, services and institutions of population health emphasise the prevention of disease and the health needs of the population as a whole.
- 48Community AssessmentCommunity assessment is a process systematically collecting and analysing information about a community, as well as an opportunity to build the capacity of community members, by involving them integrally in the process
- 493 Main Steps in Community Assessment1. Gather relevant data about the community
2. Analyse the data
3. Identify community health problems and strengths - 50What is EpidemiologyIs the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related state or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health programs.
- 51Mortality RateThe measure of deaths in a population, for a defined period of time
- 52MorbidityThe number of people (cases) in a certain population affected by a disease or condition.
- 53Patient EducationA series of planned teaching-learning activities designed for individuals, families or groups who have identified alteration in health
- 54Health Educator RoleTo present a basis for informed choice by providing the options, choices and access to resources that will help individuals, communities, organisations and government choose health pathways to living
- 55Top 10 Causes of death globally 20101. Ischemic heart disease
2. Stroke
3. Respiratory infection
4. COPD
5. Diarrhoeal diseases
6. AIDS/HIV
7. Lung Cancer
8. Diabetes mellitus
9. Road accidents
10. Prematurity - 56DiabetesA chronic condition - Type 1 & 2
Glucose - Insulin
In people with diabetes, insulin is no longer produced or not produced in sufficient amounts by the body
Blood glucose levels - 57Cardiovascular diseaseCVD refers to all disease and conditions involving the heart and blood vessels
- 58The main types of cardiovascular diseaseCoronary heart disease
stroke
heart failure and cardiomyopathy
acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
peripheral vascular disease
congenital heart disease - 59ObesityOverweight and obesity are not diseases.
It contributes to the development of a number of diseases - 60Obesity Facts3 in 5 Australian adults are overweight or obese
1 in 4 Australian children are overweight or obese - 61How is Obesity determinedBMI = Weight divided by
Height - 62What causes Diabetes and CVDRisk Factors - any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
- 63DementiaIs not a single specific condition. Rather, it is an umbrella term that describes a syndrome associated with more than 100 different conditions which are characterised by the impairment of brain functions, including language, memory, perception, personality and cognitive skills. It is usually gradual onset, progressive in nature and irreversible.
- 64Types of dementiaAlzheimer's disease
Vascular dementia
Dementia with lewy bodies
Fronto-temporal dementia - 65Risk Factors For DementiaHigh Blood Pressure
High Blood Cholesterol
Cardiovascular Disease
Smoking
Alcohol Intake
Exposure to Environmental Toxins
Lack of Physical Activity
Head Injury
Level of Education - 66Mental HealthNot just the absence of mental disorder; it is a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.
- 67The national mental health strategyPromote the mental health of the Australian community
Prevent the development of mental disorder
Reduce the impact of mental disorders on individuals, families and the community
Assure the rights of people with mental illness - 68AsthmaIs a long term chronic condition
Is characterised by recurrent attacks of breathlessness & wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person.
Is a significant cause of ill health and poor quality of life
Effects all age groups
Often starts in childhood - 69Musculoskeletal conditionsAre conditions of the bones, muscles and their attachments such as joints
- 70Determinants of AsthmaAge, sex, hereditary
Aboriginality
Individual lifestyle
Living and working conditions
Socio-structural/environmental - 71Triggers for an Asthma AttackTobacco Smoke
Dust Mites
Outdoor Air Pollution
Pets
Mould
Infections
Physical Exercise - 72Prevention of AsthmaPrimary - Education, smoking cessation programs
Secondary - Reduce or eliminate exposure to cigarette smoke
Tertiary - Diet, Exercise, Medication Mgmt - 73What is Cancer?Cancer is a diverse group of diseases in which some of the body's cells become defective or abnormal, multiply out of control, form lumps (tumours)
- 74Most common cancersprostate
bowel
breast
melanoma of the skin
lung - 75What is injuryPhysical harm to a person's body
Common types of physical injury - broken bones, cuts, brain damage, poisoning & burns
Harmful contact between people and objects
Harmful acts by people