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Pharmacology VI (100 Flash Cards)

ACAPUN INSTITUTE Flashcards: Pharmacology Praxis Español 100 fichas

Pharmacology VI (100 Flash Cards)

Fichas del conjunto (100)

  1. 1Etiology of angina?insufficient oxygen to meet needs of myocardiumEtiology of angina?
  2. 2vasodilates coronary arteries to increase O2 supply to heartMOA of nitroglycerinvasodilates coronary arteries to increase O2 supply to heart
  3. 3reduces O2 demand by preventing chronotopic (heart rate) responses to endogenous epinephrine, emotions, and excercise.propranolol MOA for anginareduces O2 demand by preventing chronotopic (heart rate) responses to endogenous epinephrine, emotions, and excercise.
  4. 4decreases O2 demand by reducing afterload by reducing peripheral resistance via vasodilationMOA of calcium channel blockers for anginadecreases O2 demand by reducing afterload by reducing peripheral resistance via vasodilation
  5. 5selective alpha 1 blocker. inhibits binding of nerve induced release of NE resulting in vasodilationprazosin MOAselective alpha 1 blocker. inhibits binding of nerve induced release of NE resulting in vasodilation
  6. 6acts as a fake neurotransmitter that stimulates alpha receptors to reduce release of sympathetic outflow resulting in vasodilationmethyldopa MOAacts as a fake neurotransmitter that stimulates alpha receptors to reduce release of sympathetic outflow resulting in vasodilation
  7. 7selective for alpha 2 receptors in CNS to reduce sympathetic outflow to peripheral vessels resulting in vasodilationclonidine MOAselective for alpha 2 receptors in CNS to reduce sympathetic outflow to peripheral vessels resulting in vasodilation
  8. 8nonselective beta blocker reduces cardiac output resulting in vasodilationpropranolol MOA for antiadrenergicnonselective beta blocker reduces cardiac output resulting in vasodilation
  9. 9selective beta-1 blocker. reduces cardiac output resulting in vaodilationmetoprolol MOAselective beta-1 blocker. reduces cardiac output resulting in vaodilation
  10. 10Diuretics deal with decreases renal absorption of _____. This causes fluid loss and reduction in blood volume. This decreases the work the heart has to pump.sodiumDiuretics deal with decreases renal absorption of _____. This causes fluid loss and reduction in blood volume. This decreases the work th...
  11. 11chlorthiazide is a thiazide diuretic... but what is furesomide?high ceiling or loop acting diureticchlorthiazide is a thiazide diuretic... but what is furesomide?
  12. 12What kind of diuretic is spironolactone?potassium sparingWhat kind of diuretic is spironolactone?
  13. 13cardiac glycoside for congestive heart failure?digitalis or digoxincardiac glycoside for congestive heart failure?
  14. 14how are cardiac glycosides effective for congestive heart failure?increasing force of contraction of myocardium.how are cardiac glycosides effective for congestive heart failure?
  15. 15how do cardiac glycosides increase force of contraction of myocardium?inhibit Na+/ K+ ATPase leading to increase of Ca+ influx.
    REDUCES COMPENSATORY CHANGES associated with CHF like increased heart size, edema, etc.    how do cardiac glycosides increase force of contraction of myocardium?
  16. 16ototoxicity with deafness is a side effect of what diuretic agent?loop diuretic or high ceiling diureticototoxicity with deafness is a side effect of what diuretic agent?
  17. 17nausea, vomiting, yellow-green vissionsymptoms of digitalis toxicitynausea, vomiting, yellow-green vission
  18. 18what drug increases toxic response of digitalis?chlorthiazidewhat drug increases toxic response of digitalis?
  19. 19inhibits synthesis of prostaglandinsMOA of aspirin's analgesic effectsinhibits synthesis of prostaglandins
  20. 20inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamic temperature regulation centerMOA of aspirin's antipyretic effectsinhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamic temperature regulation center
  21. 21inhibit synthesis of thromboxane A2 preventing platelet synthesisMOA of aspirin's effect on bleeding timeinhibit synthesis of thromboxane A2 preventing platelet synthesis
  22. 22pain relief, antipyretic, entirheumatic, anti-inflammatorytherapeutic effects of aspirinpain relief, antipyretic, entirheumatic, anti-inflammatory
  23. 23occult bleeding from GI tract, tinnitis, nausea, vomiting, acid-base disturbances, metabolic acidosisdecreased tubular reabsorption of uric acid, salciylism, delirium, hyperventilation, etc.toxic effects of aspirinoccult bleeding from GI tract, tinnitis, nausea, vomiting, acid-base disturbances, metabolic acidosisdecreased tubular reabsorption of ur...
  24. 24What does acetaminophen have that aspirin does not?lacks antiinflammatory
    is hepatotoxic
    does not case GI upset    What does acetaminophen have that aspirin does not?
  25. 25T/F: anti-inflammatories like prednisone, hydrocortisone, and triamcinolone are steroids that act primarily by PG inhibitionfalseT/F: anti-inflammatories like prednisone, hydrocortisone, and triamcinolone are steroids that act primarily by PG inhibition
  26. 26ibuprofen vs aspirinibuprofen causes much less GI irritationibuprofen vs aspirin
  27. 27Diflunisal vs aspirin, acetominophen, ibuprofendiflunisal has a longer half-life than aspirin, acetominiophen, and ibuprofenDiflunisal vs aspirin, acetominophen, ibuprofen
  28. 28alevenonselective COX 1 and 2 inhibitoraleve
  29. 29acetominophen (aspirin causes reye's syndrome)drug of choice for a feverish childacetominophen (aspirin causes reye's syndrome)
  30. 30naloxoneopioid antagonist used to treat morphine overdosenaloxone
  31. 31methadoneused in detoxificiation of morphine addictsmethadone
  32. 32T/F: morphine produces respiratory depression, euphoria, sedation, dysphorea, analgesia, constipation, and diuresis.false, everything is true except for diruesis.
    Does not cause diuresis, but it causes urinary retention    T/F: morphine produces respiratory depression, euphoria, sedation, dysphorea, analgesia, constipation, and diuresis.
  33. 33T/F: morphine produces respiratory depression, euphoria, sedation, dysphorea, analgesia, urinary retention, and diarrheafalse, everything is true except for diarrhea
    Does not cause diarrhea, but it causes consitpation    T/F: morphine produces respiratory depression, euphoria, sedation, dysphorea, analgesia, urinary retention, and diarrhea
  34. 34opiod overdose causes coma, miosis, and respiratory depression... What s MOA in respiratory depression?loss of sensitivity of medullary respiratory center to CO2opiod overdose causes coma, miosis, and respiratory depression... What s MOA in respiratory depression?
  35. 35atropine, scopalamine, and propanthelinecompetitive muscarinic receptor blockers used to control salivary secretionsatropine, scopalamine, and propantheline
  36. 36blocks vagal reflexive control of heart rate, resulting in tachycardiaMOA of atropineblocks vagal reflexive control of heart rate, resulting in tachycardia
  37. 37Physostigmine and Neostigmine2 reversible anticholinesterasesPhysostigmine and Neostigmine
  38. 38What do these symptoms describe? bradycardia, lacrimation salivation, voluntary muscle weakness, diarrhea, bronchoconstrictioncholinergic crisisWhat do these symptoms describe? bradycardia, lacrimation salivation, voluntary muscle weakness, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction
  39. 39how do you treat cholinergic crisis?atropinehow do you treat cholinergic crisis?
  40. 40What do these symptoms describe? disorientation, confusion, hallucinations, burning dry mouth, hypethermiascopolamine overdoseWhat do these symptoms describe? disorientation, confusion, hallucinations, burning dry mouth, hypethermia
  41. 41How do you treat scopolamine overdose?give phyostigmineHow do you treat scopolamine overdose?
  42. 42How does atopine cause tachycardia?blocks vagal reflexive control of heart rateHow does atopine cause tachycardia?
  43. 43neostigminedrug that can stimulate denervated skeletal muscleneostigmine
  44. 44most useful drugs to induce salivation is one which ha properties that are ______cholinergicmost useful drugs to induce salivation is one which ha properties that are ______
  45. 45T/F: cholinergic stimulation causes miosis and increase of intraocularpressurefalse, it does cause miosis but it decreases intraocular pressureT/F: cholinergic stimulation causes miosis and increase of intraocularpressure
  46. 46T/F: cholinergic stimulation causes tachycardiafalse, cholinergic stimulation cause bradycardia.
    Only from injected cholinergic agents!    T/F: cholinergic stimulation causes tachycardia
  47. 47cholinergic stimulation causes increased or decreased salivation?increasedcholinergic stimulation causes increased or decreased salivation?
  48. 48T/F: cholinergic stimulation causes acid secretiontrue, that's why it calso causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrheaT/F: cholinergic stimulation causes acid secretion
  49. 49cholinergic stimulation causes increased or decreased urinary retention?increasedcholinergic stimulation causes increased or decreased urinary retention?
  50. 50cholinergic stimulation causes broncho vasodilation or constriction?Broncho-constrictioncholinergic stimulation causes broncho vasodilation or constriction?
  51. 51what happens to skeletal muscle from cholinergic overdose?tremor, ataxia, muscle weakness, crampswhat happens to skeletal muscle from cholinergic overdose?
  52. 52ANTIcholine causes increase or decrease of intraocular pressure?increase of intraocular pressure-> loss of visual accomodationANTIcholine causes increase or decrease of intraocular pressure?
  53. 53tachycardiacardiovascular effects of ANTIcholinergic agentstachycardia
  54. 54decreased salivation and acid secretionGI tract from anticholergic agentsdecreased salivation and acid secretion
  55. 55anticholinergic agents on urinary retention?decreasedanticholinergic agents on urinary retention?
  56. 56T/F: anticholergic angets on skeletal muscles causes muscle relaxationfalse, it does nothingT/F: anticholergic angets on skeletal muscles causes muscle relaxation
  57. 57Which drug gets into the brain and causes restlessness, headaches, excietment, etc.?tertiary aminesWhich drug gets into the brain and causes restlessness, headaches, excietment, etc.?
  58. 58_____ ____ like methantheline and propantheline only hve peripheral actionsquaternary amine_____ ____ like methantheline and propantheline only hve peripheral actions
  59. 59What causes xerostomia, anticholinergics or cholinomimetics?anti-cholinergicWhat causes xerostomia, anticholinergics or cholinomimetics?
  60. 60how does reserpine inhibit action of adrenergic nerves?depletes NE of adrenergic nerveshow does reserpine inhibit action of adrenergic nerves?
  61. 61how does guanethidine inhibit action of adrenergic nerves?inhibits release of catecholamineshow does guanethidine inhibit action of adrenergic nerves?
  62. 62how does alpha methyldopa inhibit action of adrenergic nerves?acts as a centrally fake neurotransmitter which gets taken up into storage and released with NE, decreasing sympathetic activityhow does alpha methyldopa inhibit action of adrenergic nerves?
  63. 63how does clonidine inhibit action of adrenergic nerves?stimulates alpha 2 receptorshow does clonidine inhibit action of adrenergic nerves?
  64. 64tyramine, ephedrine, amphetamine release stored NE3 indirect acting sympathomimetic drugstyramine, ephedrine, amphetamine release stored NE
  65. 65MOA of TCA and cocaine?block reuptakeMOA of TCA and cocaine?
  66. 66block enzyme destructionMAOIs method of actionblock enzyme destruction
  67. 67IN the presence of an alpha blocker, like prazosin, epineohrine would cause a decrease or increase in blood pressure?decrease in blood pressure because the beta mediated vasodilation predominates
    EPINEPHRINE REVERSAL    IN the presence of an alpha blocker, like prazosin, epineohrine would cause a decrease or increase in blood pressure?
  68. 68The vagal reflex may decrease heart rate instead of increase heart rate w/dose of epinephrine.. how do we prevent that?give atropineThe vagal reflex may decrease heart rate instead of increase heart rate w/dose of epinephrine.. how do we prevent that?
  69. 69vasoconsriction, urinary retention, mydriasis3 causes of alpha-1 receptor stimulationvasoconsriction, urinary retention, mydriasis
  70. 70increased heart rate, bronchodilation, vasodilation3 causes of beta receptor stimulationincreased heart rate, bronchodilation, vasodilation
  71. 71vasodilationcause of an alpha 1 blockvasodilation
  72. 72decreased heart rate, bronchoconstriction2 causes of beta blockdecreased heart rate, bronchoconstriction
  73. 73What's special about isoproterenol?potent bronchodilator because it stimulates beta2 receptorsWhat's special about isoproterenol?
  74. 74What does carbidopa do?decreases peripheral metabolism of levodopaWhat does carbidopa do?
  75. 75For treating oral infections, penicillin V is preferred to penicillin G because it is a. less allergenic b. less sensitive to acid degradation c. has a greater gram-negative spectrum d. has a longer duration of action e. is bactericidal, whereas penicillin G isntless sensitive to acid degradationFor treating oral infections, penicillin V is preferred to penicillin G because it is a. less allergenic b. less sensitive to acid degrad...
  76. 76the sole therapeutic advantage of pencillin V over pencillin G is a. greater resistance to penicillinase b. broader antibacterial spectrum c. more reliable oral absorption d. slower renal excretion e. none of the abovemore reliable oral absorptionthe sole therapeutic advantage of pencillin V over pencillin G is a. greater resistance to penicillinase b. broader antibacterial spectru...
  77. 77which of the following penicillins is administered only by deep IM injection?Pen Gwhich of the following penicillins is administered only by deep IM injection?
  78. 78which of the following antibiotics is cross allergenic with penicillin and should not be administered to the penicillin sensitive patient? a. ampicillin b erythromycin c. clindamyacin d. lincomycin e. tetracyclinea. ampicillinwhich of the following antibiotics is cross allergenic with penicillin and should not be administered to the penicillin sensitive patient...
  79. 79which of the following antibiotics may be cross allergenic with penicillin? a. neomycin b. cephalexin c. clindamycin d. erythromycin e. all of the aboveb. cephalexinwhich of the following antibiotics may be cross allergenic with penicillin? a. neomycin b. cephalexin c. clindamycin d. erythromycin e. a...
  80. 80which of the following shows an incidence of approx 8% cross allergenicity with penicillins? a. neomycin b. cephalexin c. bacitracin d. vancomycinb. cephalexinwhich of the following shows an incidence of approx 8% cross allergenicity with penicillins? a. neomycin b. cephalexin c. bacitracin d. v...
  81. 81which group of antibiotics is related both structurally and by mode of action with penicillins?cephalosporinswhich group of antibiotics is related both structurally and by mode of action with penicillins?
  82. 82most reliable method of detecting patients allergy to penicillin?thorough med hxmost reliable method of detecting patients allergy to penicillin?
  83. 83penicillin sub for allergy?erythromycin (***now days is clindamycin)penicillin sub for allergy?
  84. 84most anaphylactic reactions to penicillin occur a. when the drug is administered orally b. in patients who have already experienced an allergic reaction to the drug c. in patients with a negative skin test to penicillin allergy d. when the drug is administered parenterally e. within minutes after drug administration i. a, b, and d ii. b, c, and d iii. b, d, and e iv. b and e v. c, d, and eb, d, and emost anaphylactic reactions to penicillin occur a. when the drug is administered orally b. in patients who have already experienced an al...
  85. 85broader gram negative spectrum than pen G?Ampicillinbroader gram negative spectrum than pen G?
  86. 86BEST gram negative spectrum?AmpicillinBEST gram negative spectrum?
  87. 87drug of choice for penicillinase producing staph?dicloxacillindrug of choice for penicillinase producing staph?
  88. 88lest effective against penicillinase produce microorganisms?ampicillinlest effective against penicillinase produce microorganisms?
  89. 89Used to treat pseudomonas??carbenicillinUsed to treat pseudomonas??
  90. 90penicillin is effective against rapidly growing cells is primarily because it blocks what?cell wall synthesispenicillin is effective against rapidly growing cells is primarily because it blocks what?
  91. 91Chlortetracycline acts by interfering with what?protein synthesis on bacterial but not mammalian ribosomes
    **why its selectively toxic    Chlortetracycline acts by interfering with what?
  92. 92Mechanism of bacteriostatic action of sulfonamides involves what?competition with para-aminobenzoic acid in FOLIC ACID synthesis
    **PABA    Mechanism of bacteriostatic action of sulfonamides involves what?
  93. 93Sulfonamides act by?inducing a deficiency of folic acid by competition with PABASulfonamides act by?
  94. 94tetracycline reduces effectiveness of concomitantly administered penicillin by? a. reducing absorption of penicillin b. increasing metabolism of penicillin c. increasing renal excretion of penicillin d. increasing binding of penicillin to serum proteins e. none of the aboveE. NONE OF THE ABOVE
    ***tetracycline is BACTERIOSTATIC and would slow the rapid growth of microbes that BACTERIOCIDAL penicillin needs to be effective
    ***only rapidly dividing cells are making cell walls    tetracycline reduces effectiveness of concomitantly administered penicillin by? a. reducing absorption of penicillin b. increasing metabo...
  95. 95action of which drugs will most likely be impaired by concurrent admin of tetracycline?penicillinaction of which drugs will most likely be impaired by concurrent admin of tetracycline?
  96. 96Which antibiotic is most likely to cause liver damage?Tetracycline
    ***streptomycin can cause CNVIII nerve damage affecting balance and hearing ---not associated with liver damage
    ***penicillins are extremely safe --no effect on liver
    ***tetracyclines have been shown to be hepatotoxic following high doses in pregnant patients with history of renal disease    Which antibiotic is most likely to cause liver damage?
  97. 97which erythromycin is associated with allergic cholestatic hepatitis??erythromycin estolatewhich erythromycin is associated with allergic cholestatic hepatitis??
  98. 98which antibiotic least likely to cause superinfection?Pen G
    ***narrow spectrum
    ***most likely would be tetracycline or clindamycin    which antibiotic least likely to cause superinfection?
  99. 99GI upset and pseudomembranous colitis has been prominently associated with a. nystatin b. cephalexin c. clindamycin d. polymyxin B e. erythromycinc. clindamycinGI upset and pseudomembranous colitis has been prominently associated with a. nystatin b. cephalexin c. clindamycin d. polymyxin B e. ery...
  100. 100symptoms that may be characterized as allergic manifestations during penicillin therapy aredermatitis, stomatits, bronchoconstriction, and CV collapsesymptoms that may be characterized as allergic manifestations during penicillin therapy are

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Praxis Flashcards: Pharmacology Fichas sobre Pharmacology VI (100 Flash Cards) , creado por ACAPUN INSTITUTE el 14/07/2021.
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