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health promotion flashcards
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- 1Health disparity vs health inequityhealth disparity/inequality: difference between population groups
inequity: difference that is not only unequal but socially produced, unjust and unnecessary - 2define health inequitydifference in health outcomes between population groups that is not only unequal but socially produced, unjust and unnecessary
- 3list and define 3 types of special populationsunderserved populations: no access to care
vulnerable population: increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes
marginalized population: decreased access to care/social resources due to social standing/stigma - 4name 3 lifecourse modelslatency model - relationship between exposure at one point in the lifecourse and outcome later
cumulative model - recurring exposures
pathway model - exposure at one stage influences probably of later exposures - 5PHAC Determinants of HealthBiology and genetic endowment
income and social status
gender
culture
social support networks
social environment
healthy child development
health services
education and literacy
employment/working conditions
physical environment
personal health practices and coping skills - 64 properties of SDOHcausal (direct & indirect)
cumulative
multiple levels
can work both ways (health <-> SDOH) - 7What is SESSocioeconomic status
descriptive term for position of persons in society, based on combination of education, occupation and economic criteria - 82 gradient effects from SES differenceshealth increases along a gradient as affluence increases
strong association between overall health of a population and the size of the SES distance between members of the population (inequality) - 92 explanations given for SES gradient as artifact (not believing SDOH)1. artifact explanation: differences are product of attempts to measure complex social entities using inadequate instruments
2. Natural/social selection (health -> SES) - 104 Causal gradient explanations for differences in health according to SEShealth behaviours
(SES ->behaviour->health)
Neo-materialist
(SES->resources->health)
psychosocial pathways
(SES->psychosocial->health)
Physiologic explanation
(SES->psychosocial->biological->health) - 114 unresolved controversies about the SES-health gradientgradient incongruence (reverse gradient for some conditions)
u-shaped curve (etoh, weight)
feasibility of reducing gap/gradient
resource allocation - 12Health promotion 5 A's for behaviour changeask
advise
assess
assist
arrange - 13what is the health beliefs modelbehaviour best understood if beliefs about health are clear
People will act if they believe:
consequences are severe
they are susceptible
actions are beneficial
benefits outweigh risks/barriers - 14define self-efficacyan individual's perceived ability to carry out the recommended action based on these beliefs
- 15What is the theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour?intention to act is the key determinant of behaviour; all other factors mediated through behavioural intention
- 166 stages of changepre-contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
termination/relapse - 17What is social learning theory?change is the product of the interaction between individuals and their environments
- 185 elements of social learning theoryreciprocal determinism
observational learning
expectations
self-efficacy
self-control - 194 P's of social marketingproduct
price
place
promotion - 204 types of media for health communication campaignsmass media
small media
social media
interpersonal communication
(campaigns that use >2, including mass media most effective) - 214 challenges of community developmentslow
resource intensive
need community buy-in to take ownership
relinquishing the expert role - 22what is the objective of Lalonde's Health Fields approach (High-Risk Population approach) to population health intervention?reduce the specific risk exposure for individuals at higher risk through individual-level changes
- 23What is the objective of Rose's approach (Population Approach) to population health intervention?Shift distribution of population risk to a lower mean through environmental changes
- 24What is the objective of Frohlich and Potvin's approach (Vulnerable populations) to population health intervention?reduce the risk among socially defined groups through environmental changes
- 256 core values of the Ottawa Charterparticipation and empowerment
equity
holism
intersectoral action
sustainability
multiple strategies - 263 strategies and 5 action areas in Ottawa Charter for Health Promotionadvocate, mediate, enable
develop personal skills, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, reorient health services, build healthy public policy - 275 main elements of Bhatti's population health and health promotion modellevel of influence (socio-ecologic model)
what (SDOH)
how (Ottawa Charter)
evidence base
values & assumptions - 28what are the fixed and modifiable attributes in the Social Ecological Model of health?fixed attributes: age, sex, genes, constitutional
modifiable influences: lifestyle, social/community networks, living/working conditions, SES/cultural/environmental - 293 types of social security benefits in Canadauniversal policies
targeted policies
progressive policies - 303 types of health policypublic policy
strategic/administrative policy
operational/clinical policy - 312 methods of policy creationtop-down
bottom-up - 323 types of authority for policy-makinglegislative- forms policy
executive - administers policy
judicial - settles violation of policy - 335 steps in the policy cycleunderstand the issue and context
generate policy options
select a policy
implement the policy
monitor and evaluate the results - 344 policy analysis considerationsideas: what are the facts/values at play?
institutions: who has responsibility
interests: whose at stake?
external factors: context - 35framework for evaluating impact of policy (policy implications framework)SLEEEPO
social
legal
economic
ethical
environmental
political
organizational - 36Framework for public health intervention strategiesRATEEE
regulatory
advocacy
technological
economic
education
environment - 374 A's of preventive policiesavailability
affordability
advertising/appeal
age - 384 types of policy analysismonitoring social conditions
explaining social conditions
forecasting social conditions
evaluating social conditions - 393 overarching recommendations from the WHO commission on the SDOHmeasure and understand the problem and assess the impact of action
improve daily living conditions
tackle inequitable distribution of power, money, resources - 40consequences of social stratification from WHO commission on SDOHsocial stratification =
differential exposure
differential susceptibility
differential consequences - 41define food securitywhen all people at all times have (physical and economic) access to sufficient, safe, nutritious and culturally acceptable foods to maintain a healthy and active life
- 424 domains of food INsecurity that would affect healthquantitative - insufficient amounts of food
qualitative - insufficient quality
psychological - stress
social - obtaining foods through ways lacking dignity (food banks) - 433 pillars of food securityavailability - sufficient quantities
access - sufficient resources to obtain
Use - nutrition/cooking knowledge, water and sanitation - 443 types of factors that increase food pricesDemand
Supply
Other - financial speculation, commodity index funds, food for fuel, gas price increases, trade liberalization, distorted global rice market - 45Food security intervention continuum (3)emergency and short-term strategies (food banks)
capacity building (gardening, social support network building)
systems change strategies (food policy organizations, income/affordable housing) - 46How many homeless people are there estimated to be in Canada200,000-300,000
- 47who makes up the majority of homeless people in CanadaUsed to be majority middle-aged males but now women and children fastest growing subgroup
- 48Risk factors for homelessness (5)poverty
mental illness
substance abuse
family conflict/abuse
transition from institutionalized care - 49Social causes of homelessness (3)lack of low-income housing
deinstitutionalization of mentally ill
cuts to social assistance - 503 concepts underpinning Housing Firsthousing is a basic human right
homeless individuals' first and primary need is stable housing
harm reduction, social and community integration - 51Elements of Healthy Build Environment (4)HEAP
Housing
Eating
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- Royal College (Health Promotion) Public Health and Preventive Medicine Fichas sobre health promotion flashcards, creado por Carol F el 12/08/2017.
- Creado por
- Carol F
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