1063946
| Question | Answer |
| P1.1 Which is the correct model of the solar system today? | Heliocentric model |
| P1.1 Why was Galileo put in jail for his theory on the universe? | Because the church believed that the Earth was the center of everything and it contradicted the catholic belief |
| P1.1 Why can we see the planets in our Solar System? | They reflect sunlight |
| P1.1 What are telescopes used for? | Telescopes magnify images, so distant objects can be seen in more detail |
| P1.1 Why are photographs better when looking at the universe then just a telescope? | Photographs allow you to zoom in and look at the objects in more detail. Also share your observations with others |
| P1.1 What is a wavelength? | Distance from one peak to the next |
| P1.1 What is frequency? | How many waves there are per seconed |
| P1.1 What is amplitude of a wave? | The height of the wave from the mid line |
| P1.1 What is the wavelength formula? | |
| P1.1 What is a transverse wave? | 1) Light and all other EM waves 2) S waves 3) Ripples on water |
| P1.1 What are longitudinal waves? | 1) Sound and Ultrasound 2) P waves 3) A spring when you push and pull the end |
| P1.1 When a wave hits a boundary between one medium and another what happens to some of the energy? | Reflected |
| P1.1 What happened when a wave crosses a boundary between two substances? | It changes speed |
| P1.1 What is a converging lens used for? | Focus Light |
| P1.1 What is the focal point? | Where all the rays hitting the lens parallel to the axis all meet |
| P1.2 What are the seven types of electromagnetic Waves? | Radio waves, Micro Waves, Infra Reed, Visible Light, Ultra Violet, X-rays and gamma rays |
| P1.2 What do all EM waves have in common? | They all travel at the same speed in a vacuum |
| P1.2 Why are microwaves harmful to people? | Microwaves can heat human body cells and mobile phones can cause brain tumours |
| P1.2 Why is infrared harmful to people? | Can make the surface molecules of any substance vibrate. This has a heating effect, Can cause very bad skin burn |
| P1.2 Why is UV harmful to people? | Can cause sunburn. Also this can caause cell mutation and may lead to skin cancer and eye damage |
| P1.2 Why are gamma and x-rays harmful to people? | Very high frequency and are much more damaging as they can penetrate through the body. Can cause cell mutation leading to tissue damage and cancer |
| P1.2 What type of waves are used to broadcast TV and radio signals? | Radio Waves |
| P1.2 How do food in microwaves heat up? | The micro waves get absorbed by the water molecules in the food which heats it up |
| P1.2 What type of radiation is given out by hot objects? | Infrared |
| P1.2 Name one use of infrared | Can be used to monitor temperature and is also used in remote controls |
| P1.2 What is UV radiation used for? | Under uv light genuine bank notes will display fluorescent markings |
| P1.2 How can gamma rays be useful? | Can be used to treat cancer by killing cancer cells. Gamma rays can also sterilize medical equipment |
| P1.3 What is a galaxy? | A collection of billions of stars |
| P1.3 What do billions of galaxies make up? | A Universe |
| P1.3 How do planets orbit the Sun? | In Ellipses |
| P1.3 Why do scientists object from exploring space to find signs of life? | Very expensive and impractical as the distances are just too large |
| P1.3 What methods are used for searching for signs of life? | Radio signals from other planets as humans give of radio signals. Also robots are sent to planets to collect data samples |
| P1.3 What is an advantage of having a telescope in space? | Clearer view. Earths atmosphere wont get in the way. Light pollution from earth would make it hard to see dim objects the telescope was on earth. |
| P1.3 Why are bigger telescopes better than smaller ones? | Can absorb more light so we can see fainter objects |
| P1.3 What is a small stars life cycle? | Nebula - Main sequence star - Red Giant - White Dwarf |
| P1.3 What is the life cycle of a large star? | Nebula - Main Sequence Star - Red Giant - Super Nova - Black Hole |
| P1.3 Nebula? | Clouds of dust and gas |
| P1.3 Main sequence star? | The force of gravity makes the nebula spiral in together and the heat rises which creates the MS star |
| P1.3 Red Giant? | Hydrogen in the Main Sequence Star begins to run out and the star then swells into a Red Giant |
| P1.3 Super Nova? | Red giant will explode into a super nova if the mass is big enough |
| P1.3 Black hole? | The exploding super nova leaves a dense core (neutron star.) If the star is big enough this will become a black hole |
| P1.3 White Dwarf? | A Red giant with not enough mass to become a super nova will leave a hot core which is a white dwarf |
| P1.3 When we look at light from distant galaxies what is it called? | Red Shift |
| P1.3 What do measurements of red shift show? | They suggest that all the galaxies are moving away from us |
| P1.3 What is the difference in red shift between a nearer or distant galaxy? | More distant galaxies have a greater red shift than nearer ones |
| P1.4 What type of sounds cant humans hear? | Ultra Sound and Infra Sound Below 20 Hz or above 20 000 Hz |
| P1.4 How is Ultrasound used? | Can detect babies in the womb |
| P1.4 How does Ultrasound detect babies in the womb? | UV waves can pass through the body but when they hit a boundary between two different materials some waves get reflected back and is detected |
| P1.4 How is Infra Sound useful? | Elephants use Infra Sound to communicate to other members over long distances. Also tigers have infra sound in there growl |
| P1.4 What is the calculating distances using ultra sound formula? | Speed = Distance / Time Distance Speed x Time |
| P1.4 What are the 4 sections of the earth? | Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle and Crust |
| P1.4 What is the Earths surface made up of? | Tectonic Plates |
| P1.4 How are earthquakes caused? | Tectonic plates sliding against each other |
| P1.4 What do scientists use to investigate the Earths structure? | Seismic Waves |
| P1.4 What kind of waves do earthquakes produce? | Seismic Waves |
| P1.4 What do scientists use to detect waves made by earthquakes? | Seismometers |
| P1.4 What are P waves? | P waves are a type of seismic wave which are longitudinal and they travel through solids and liquids |
| P1.4 What are S waves? | S waves are a type of seismic wave which are transverse. They only travel through solids. |
| P1.4 What happens when seismic waves reach a boundary in the earth? | Some of the wave may get reflected and may change speed which causes the wave to change direction |
| P1.4 What can seismomenter readings tell us? | How far the distance is to the earthquakes epi-centre |
| P1.4 How do you detect where an earthquake was? | Using at 3 seismometers you need to calculate the time difference between the two waves. Then draw a circle on the map with the distance calculated as the radius around the seismometers. Wherever all circles meet is the epicentre of the earthquake |
| P1.5 What is electric current? | A flow of charge round a circuit |
| P1.5 Current? | The rate of charge around a circuit |
| P1.5 Voltage? | Electrical pressure giving a measure of the energy transmitted |
| P1.5 How does the current in a circuit flow? | From positive to negative |
| P1.5 What is alternating current? | The mains electricity in your home. It keeps reversing its direction back and forth. |
| P1.5 What is Direct Current? | It always flows in the same direction. From batteries and solar cells. |
| P1.5 What is Electrical Power? | Energy transferred per second |
| P1.5 Why are electrical appliances useful? | Because they take in electrical energy and convert it into other forms of energy e.g lightbulb heat |
| P1.5 What is the unit of power? | Watts (W) |
| P1.5 What can you tell by measuring the current and voltage? | The power |
| P1.5 What is the formula to calculate power? | Power = Current X Voltage Power Current x Voltage |
| P1.5 What does a.c and d.c mean | a.c = wiggly d.c = straight |
| P1.5 What are the four factors that affect the size of the induced voltage and current? | 1) The strength of the magnet 2) The area of coil 3) The number of turns of the coil 4) The speed of the movement |
| P1.5 How would you reduce the voltage? | Reduce one of the four factors |
| P1.5 If you move or turn the magnet faster what will you get? | You will get a higher peak voltage |
| P1.5 What are non - renewable energy? | Resources that will run out eventually They all do damage to the environment Provide most of our energy |
| P1.5 Name 3 different types of Non - Renewable energy? | 1) Coal 2) Oil 3) Natural Gas |
| P1.5 What are the disadvantages of using Non - Renewable energy? | 1) Fossil fuels release Co2. 2) Co2 adds to the greenhouse effect 3)Burning coal and oil releases sulfar dioxide which causes acid rain 4) Oil spills destroy wildlife |
| P1.5 What are renewable energy? | Energy that can be made without doing damage doing damage to the environment and will never run out |
| P1.5 Name 5 different types of renewable energy sources? | 1) Wave powered turbines 2) Tidal Barrages 3) Wind turbines 4) Geothermal energy |
| P1.5 Hydroelectricity? | 1) Flooding a vally building a big dam 2) Rainwater is caught and allowed out through turbines which creates electricity |
| P1.5 Wave Power? | 1) Waves provide us with and up and down motion which can be used to drive a generator |
| P1.5 Geothermal Energy? | Water is pumped in pipes down to hot rocks and it returns as steam to drive a generator |
| P1.5 How does electricity get transported? | Via the National Gird |
| P1.5 3 different ways to insulate a house? | 1) Loft Insulation 2) Cavity Wall Insulation 3) Double Glazing |
| P1.6 Where do you get Electrical Energy? | Wherever a current flows |
| P1.6 Where do you get light energy? | From the sun, light bulb ect |
| P1.6 Where do you get sound energy? | Loudspeakers or anything noisy |
| P1.6 Where do you get kinetic energy? | Anything thats moving has it |
| P1.6 Where do you get nuclear energy? | Released only from nuclear reactions |
| P1.6 Where do you get thermal energy? | Flows from hot objects |
| P1.6 Where do you get gravitational potential energy? | Possessed by anything which can fall |
| P1.6 Where do you get elastic potential energy? | Stretched springs, elastic, rubber bands |
| P1.6 Where do you get chemical energy? | Possessed by foods, fuels and batteries |
| P1.6 Name 2 types of stored energy? | Chemical and potential |
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