10713891
Description
Flashcards by Savannah Duggan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Savannah Duggan
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Commisures | -medial view: large white-matter fiber tracts that connect the hemispheres -posterior: smaller pupillary light reflex, probably connects thalamus & colliculi -anterior: connects temporal lobes, including amygdala, 1/10th size of CC |
| Corpus Callosum | Homotopic callosal fibers: connect corresponding sections of hemispheres Heterotropic: connect different areas of hemispheres, mirror ipsilateral connection Callosal connections: ANterior (genu), Middle (body, Posterior (splenium) |
| Anatomical Asymmetries | - Right has more volume in frontal area - left has more volume in occipital area (bends the longitudinal fissure slightly) - Lateral fissure curls up more on right side sometimes planum temporale size dif -wernicke's left: larger neuron, dendrite branches +, spaced out columns |
| Planum Temporale | Area at centre of Wernicke's area larger left side in 65% ppl, right side 11%, 24% ppl no size difference children w/dyslexia: right enlarged |
| Functi onal Asymmetries | ~96% people show L-hem lang dominance - right side: better spatially (3D-2D match), better perception of facial/mood, better perception of melody, memory (nonverbal material) and learning without context -left auditory system = better for vocals |
| Cerebral lateralization | not exclusive to humans: - handedness did not evolve b/c tool use - handedness is not just human |
| Birds and Hemispheric Specialization | visual input: solely contralateral no corpus callosum better at categorizing visual info from right eye (eg food vs nonfood) better at learning location with left eye birdsong production requires left hemisphere |
| Nonhuman Primates and Hemispheric Specialization | - handedness, no right bias like humans - right hand used more for gestures - left hemisphere better at spatial - similar to humans: left hand better at shape discrimination and right hemisphere better at facial recognition |
| methods of studying hemispheres separately in healthy humans | Wada test dichotic listening task unilateral cortical lesions stroke patients split-brain patients |
| Wada Test | - inject amobarbital (anesthetic) into carotid artery of one hemisphere, give language and memory tests - supports left hemisphere dominance in language |
| Dichotic Listening Tasks | ears receive simultaeous prsentation of series of letters sung to short melody more accurate recognition of letters hear in the right ear, left advantage on melody |
| Unilateral Cortical Lesion | compare patients w/ damage in same area in opposite hemispheres left lesions: more disruption to speaking and reading, no spontaenous expression right lesions: spatial orientation, location visual stimuli, no expression on left side of the face (right basal ganglia parkinsons) |
| Stroke Patients | left stroke: correctly identify overall shapes, miss details right: produced only detailed info, not overall shape |
| Voluntary vs Spontaneous Expression | - left hemisphere initiates voluntary facial expressions, signals are sent over the corpus callosum to right hem so expression is symmetrical - sponatenous expressions are intiated in the basal ganglia, either left or right |
| Callosotomy | -last-resort epilepsy treatment since 1940s replaced by new surgeries and treatments -speaking left, nonspeaking right left biased toward self recongition, right biased toward familiar face left brain rationalizes what right is doing |
| common viewpoints on left v right | L: analytical/sequential; R: holistic/parallel Language is sequential while spatial tasks require simultaneous processing |
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