10811064
Description
Flashcards by SHAE ADAMS, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by SHAE ADAMS
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| access method | technique used to locate records and navigate through a database |
| anomalies | negative operational symptoms caused by improperly normalized tables |
| association | relationship among record types |
| attributes | equivalents to adjectives in the English language that serve to describe the objects |
| cardinality | a numerical mapping between entity instances |
| centralized database | database retained in a central location |
| composite key | composed of two attributes: INVOICE NUM and PROD NUM |
| concurrency control | a system that ensures that transactions processed at each site are accurately reflected in the database at all other sites |
| currency of information | problem associated with the flat-file model because of its failure to update all the user files affected by a change in status; may result in decisions based on outdated information |
| data attribute | the most elemental piece of potentially useful data in the database |
| data currency | when the firm's data files accurately reflect the effects of its transactions |
| data definition language | programming language used to define the database to the database management system |
| data dictionary | description of every data element in the database |
| data manipulation language | language used to insert special database commands into application programs written in conventional languages |
| data model | blueprint for what ultimately will become the physical database |
| data redunacny | state of data elements being represented in all user files |
| data storage | efficient information system that captures and stores data only once and makes this single source available to all users who need it |
| data structures | techniques for physically arranging records in a database |
| data updating | periodic updating of data stored in the files of an organization |
| database administrator | individual responsible for managing the database resource |
| database lockout | software control that prevents multiple simultaneous access to data |
| database management system | software system that controls access to the data resource |
| deadlock | "wait" state that occurs between sites when data are locked by multiple sites that are waiting for the removal of the locks from other sites |
| deletion anomaly | unintentional deletion of data from a table |
| distributed data processing | reorganizing the IT function into small information processing units that are distributed to end users and placed under their control |
| distributed databases | databases distributed using either the partitioned or replicated technique |
| first normal form | low degree of normalization of relational database tables |
| flat-file | file structure that does not support the integration of data |
| foreign key | key that permits the physical connection of logically related tables to achieve the associations described in the data model |
| hierarchical indexed direct access method | method in which the root segment of the database is organized as an indexed file |
| hierarchial model | database model that represents data in a hierarchical structure and permits only a single parent record for each child |
| indexed sequential file | sequential file structure accessed via an index |
| insertion anomaly | unintentional insertion of data into a table |
| internal view | physical arrangement of records in the database |
| inverted list | cross-reference created from multiple indexes |
| join | builds a new physical table from two tables consisting of all concatenated pairs of rows form each table |
| navigational models | model that possesses explicit links or paths amoung data elements |
| network model | variation of the hierarchical model |
| occurnence | used to describe the number of instances or records that pertain to a specific entity |
| partial dependencies | occurs when one or more nonkey attributes are dependent on (defined key) only part of the primary key rather than the whole key |
| partitioned database | database approach that splits the central database into segments or partitions that are distributed to their primary users |
| physical database | lowest level of the database containing magnetic spots on magnetic disks |
| primary key | characteristics that uniquely identify each record in the table |
| project | extracts specified attributes (columns) from a table to create a virtual table |
| relational model | data model that is more flexible than traditional navigational models. It allows users to create new and unique paths through the database to solve a wide range of business problems |
| repeating groups | database anomalies described above are symptoms of structural problems within tables |
| replicated databases | database approach in which the central database is replicated at each site |
| restrict | command to extracts specified rows from a specified table |
| schema | description of the entire database |
| second normal form | table that is free of both repeating group and partial dependencies |
| structured models | the data elements for predefined structured paths |
| structured query language | data processing tool for end users and professional programmers to access data in the database directly without the need for convential programs |
| task-data dependency | user's inability to obtain additional information as his or her needs change |
| temporary inconsistency | during accounting transactions, account balances pass through a state where the values are incorrectly stated |
| third normal form | normalization that occurs by dividing an unnormalized database into smaller tables until all attributes in the resulting tables are uniquely and wholly dependent on the primary key |
| transitive dependencies | a transitive dependency occurs in a table where nonkey attributes are dependent on another nonkey attribute and independent of the table's primary key |
| update anomaly | unintentional updating of data in a table, resulting from data redundancy |
| user view | set of data that a particular user needs to achieve his or her assigned tasks |
| users | individuals who employ systems, receive information, and act on the information received |
| view integration | combining the data needs of all users into a single schema or enterprise-wide view |
| view modeling | determines the associations between entities and document them with an ER diagram |
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