11586143
Description
Flashcards by lily bevan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by lily bevan
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the electromagnetic spectrum? | The 'family' of electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies & wavelengths. |
| What is electromagnetic radiation? | A radiation that consists of vibrating electric & magnetic fields. |
| what are the main groups of magnetic radiation? | Gamma, X-rays, UV, Visible Light, Infrared, Microwave, & Radio. |
| What are uses & effects of Gamma Rays? | + Causes cancer & can kill cancer cells + Used for sterilising medical equipment & food |
| what are uses & effects of X-rays? | + Used for X-ray photography + Causes fluorescence + Causes cancer & can kill cancer cells |
| What are uses & effects of UV? | + Causes tanning, skin cancer, & eye damage + Causes fluorescence + Kills bacteria |
| What is special about visible light? | Only type of radiation visible to the human eye. |
| What are some examples & effects of Infrared? | + Radiant heaters & grills + TV & video remote controllers + Security alarms & lamps + Carries digital signals in fibre optic broadband cables |
| What are some uses & effects of Microwaves? | + TV & communication satellites + Heating effects in Microwave ovens + Mobile phones + Telephone links; Radar + TV broadcasts |
| what are some uses & effects of Radio | + Radio ( FM, AM, Local, Long-distance) |
| Generally, what happens when electromagnetic radiation is absorbed? | Objects gain energy. |
| What happens when an aerial absorbs microwave & radio? | They make patterns carried by them into patterns of electrical current, which are used by Radios & TVs. |
| How dies radiation cause heating? | The vibrations of particles are created & this kinetic energy transfers onto thermal energy. |
| In what circumstances can radiation increase the chance of chemical reactions? | Only if the radiation carries high levels of energy. |
| what is a molecule? | A molecule is a group of 2 or more atoms joined together. |
| What molecules absorb microwaves? | Water, Fat, & Sugar |
| What happens when molecules of fat, water, & sugar absorb Microwaves? | They vibrate strongly ( temperature rises ) |
| What are some safety features of Microwave ovens? | Metal grids on doors that reflect radiation back, & a hidden switch that prevents the oven from working w/ door open. |
| What does the heating effect depend on? | The type of radiation, the intensity, & the duration. |
| How can the nuclear model describe ionisation? | When an atom absorbs a photon , it gains energy & 1 electron moves further from the nucleus. the atom looses its extra energy by emitting a photon of electromagnetic radiation. |
| What charge is the atom after ionisation & what is it called? | Positive Ion |
| what are the ionising radiations? | Gamma, X-rays, & some UV. |
| Why are some radiations called ionising? | Because a single photon has enough energy to ionise an atom or molecule. |
| what happens if ionisation happens in a living cell? | Its chemical reactions might be changed. This can damage it by changing its behaviour. |
| What happens if a large amount of ionisation of heating happens in a living cell? | It can die. |
| what is the main effect of non-ionising radiation? | Heating |
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