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| Question | Answer |
| Measures of Variably | the amount of variation in the cores can tell you more about what is being measured. |
| Evaluating the Norm Group | no universal standard but the individual or the group must evaluate if it is a good measure to test the users of the group. |
| Standard Score t- score | has a mean of 50 and a sd of 10, the z-score is converted to t-score by multiplying by 10 and adding or subtracting by 50 |
| Standard Score Z-score | convert raw score to z-score by subtracting the mean of the instrument from the raw score and divide from the standard deviation. x-m/S=z-score |
| Percentile Score or Rank | the % of the people who received that groups score. x/n=% (10/40=1/4=25%) |
| Types of Scores Raw Score | do not have any math done with the score to tell any information in the testing world, need conversion. |
| Negative Skewed curve | more scores fall to the right of the mean and has fewer at the mean. |
| Positively skewed curve | the bell curve has more of the scores in the left side of the mean and few at the upper end of the distribution |
| Positively skewed curve | the bell curve has more of the scores in the left side of the mean and few at the upper end of the distribution |
| Normal Distribution Normal Curve | the amount of variance from the mean under a bell curve from the 50% line being the highest, moving in both directions to equal 68% = 1 sd from the mean, 2 sd = 95% and 3 = 99.5 % |
| Measure of Variance Standard deviation | square root of the variance is the S2 (page 28) |
| Measure of Variability Varience | mean square deviation is (M=EX/N), the score X minus the mean M equals the variance. |
| Measure of variability RANGE | a measure of the spread of the scores. shows the variability of the lowest and the highest. by subtracting (90-10=80 so range is 80) |
| Measurement Scales | 1. Nominal: Categories 2. Ordinal 3. Interval 4. Ratio |
| Measure of Central Tendency | 1. Mean-average of scores =(x/n) 2. Median- the middle most score with 50% below and 50% above the middle. 3. Mode- the most frequent score in the group. if 50 people got score of 10 that is the mode. |
| Histogram | Measure or graph showing the results by columns on a graph. |
| Frequency Polygon | a graph with the score on the x axis and the number of people on the y axis. may be easier to visualize. can see the range using the plots on the diagram. |
| Frequency Distribution | is were the scores (x) are found on the first line and then the number of persons taking the test with a certain score on the line under it x=60 70 80 2 5 7 |
| Interpreting Non referenced instruments | use statistics to help interrupt scores. |
| Criterion- Referenced Instrument | the individual score is compared to the group criteria or standard that is preset. measure of performance. |
| Norm referenced Instrument | the individuals score is compared to the group score who have also taken the test. |
| Ratio Score. | all the that as the Interval score and the inclusion of a zero point. |
| Interval Score | the units of measurement are equal distances apart, ex. percent, z score, t-core.. |
| Ordinal Scale | able to measure if one score is larger from another. |
| Nominal Scale | Basic, categories of constructs |
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