Physics 1 Topic 3

Question	Answer
How do stars form? Describe each step it goes through.	Image: starlife (image/jpg)
When a source of light is moving away from us....	The light we detect has a longer wavelength than expected.
Its light is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum. What effect is this called?	Red Shift.
Tell me about the Big Bang Theory..	Astronomers analysed the spectrum of light from Sun and distant galaxies. They could see lines and gaps in spectrum. In the light, these lines were red shifted. This showed galaxies are moving away from us. This can be explained if the Universe is expanding.
Tell me about the Steady State Theory...	The theory that the Universe always existed and is expanding. New matter is always being made within the Universe as it expands.
Tell me about CMB....	Cosmic Microwave Radiation, two radio astronomers who were building a radio telescope detected microwave signals all over the sky. First they thought it was their faulty equipment but later found out these signals were real. They soon realised this was the radiation predicted by the Big Bang Theory.
What do the Steady State and Big Bang Theory have in common? And what supports them both?	They both say the Universe is expanding. Red shift in the light from other galaxies can support both theories.
What is the Doppler Effect?	The change in the pitch of a sound coming from a moving source.
What does the pitch depend on?	The frequency and wavelength of a sound wave.
What happens to the sound waves behind a moving sound source?	They become stretched, making the frequency lower and wavelength longer so the pitch is lower.
What effect is the Doppler similar to?	The effect that causes Red Shift.
What did ancient astronomers do?	Observe positions of the stars using the naked eye.
What did these ancient astronomers work out?	Stars were further away than the planets.
What is the name of patches of fuzzy light in space?	Nebulae (Latin word for clouds)
What is the band of light in space called?	The Milky Way.
What do all galaxies make up?	The Universe.
Light from the Sun is a mixture of different colours forming a...	Spectrum.
To investigate light from the Sun you can use a simple...	Spectrometer.
What did early telescopes let people see?	Objects that emitted visible light.
What do modern telescopes do?	They use digital cameras to record images and computers to analyse images and look for new objects.
What can spectrometers be attached to? And what can they be used to do?	Telescopes, to analyse different wavelengths of light given off by stars and galaxies.
What can the Hubble Space Telescope do? And why?	Produce clear and sharp images of stars and galaxies, because it is above the atmosphere.
In 1976 what happened?	Two Viking landers touched down on Mars.
What did these Viking Landers do?	They did experiments on soil to look for chemical changes that could've been caused by living organisms.
What is SETI? And what do they do?	The Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence, they analyse radio waves coming from space.
What is a nebula?	A cloud of dust and gases.

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