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Description
Flashcards by Westendorp Kaj, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Westendorp Kaj
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the atomic hypothesis? | All things are made up of atoms |
| Protons | positively charged (+) (-1) |
| Neutrons | Neutral (0) |
| Electrons | Negative (-) (+1) |
| Mass is measured in... | AMU (atomic mass unit) E.g Protons: 1 Electrons: don't measure them Neutrons: 1 AMU= 2 |
| The outer shell is also known as the... | Valence Shell |
| Fact: | The same element can have different masses depending on the number of protons |
| Ion | Charged particles which form when an atom loses and or gains electrons |
| Cation | A positively charged ion, formed by losing electrons |
| Anion | A negatively charged ion , formed by gaining electrons |
| Element | A pure substance that contains only one type of atom |
| isotopes | Different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| Mass number | Mass number: The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| molecule | Molecule: A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| compound | Compound: Two or more types of atoms chemically bonded together |
| Atomic number | Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Isomer | Isomer: Molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms |
| ionic bonding | Ionic bonding: When two ions are attracted to each other, these ions are opposite (metal/nonmetal - Positive/negative), this is why they attract (Electron transfer) |
| Covalent bonding | Covalent bonding: When two nonmetals want to gain so they have to share the remaining electrons |
| Metallic bonding | Metallic bonding: Happens when a metal loses or discharges an electron, this is then transformed as electricity as the electrons are pushed, they don’t have anywhere to go they are delocalized. |
| What side of the periodic table are positive ions on and what side are negative ions on? | Positive ions are on the left Negative ions are on the right |
| Negative ions are... | non metals |
| Positive ions are... | metals |
| What did Dobereiner notice and what did he do with his observations | Dobereiner noticed that there were groups of elements, he noticed that they had trends or things in common. he put these in triads. |
| image of the triads |
Image:
Th?Id=Oip (image/jpeg)
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| What did Newlands discover | He noticed that if you put the elements in a line every 8th elements have things in common (octaves) |
| Why didn't they find the noble gases until later? | Because they don't react |
| When added up the total number of electrons will equal the number of protons, true or false? | True |
| It is easier to lose electrons with less shells. True or false? | False |
| Fact: | After a reaction it is possible to get the electrons back, the ones that you have lost. this requires a lot of energy around the same amount that is needed to get rid of them in the first place and to make the reaction. |
| are elements in group 7 trying to lose or gain electrons | Gain and it is easier because of the number of shells. |
| In group one where are the more reactive elements? | At the bottom of the table |
| Fact: | The more electrons the element has to gain or lose will reduce its reactivity respectively. |
| The periodic trends | |
| What does atomic radius mean? | The size of the atom |
| What does ionization of energy mean? | It means how easy it is to get rid of electrons. this is why group one is more reactive than group 2 |
| What does electron affinity mean? | How easy it is to gain electrons. That is why group 7 is more reactive than group 6 |
| What are the two different types of change? | Chemical change and physical change |
| What is the thing you react called? | The Reactant |
| What is the thing you get from the reaction? | The Product |
| What is chemical change? | A chemical change is a chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of atoms. Very hard to be undone |
| What is physical change? | It is something that you can change back easily. |
| What are the four types of reactions? | Sythesis Decomposition Displacement Combustion (complete and incomplete) |
| What is synthesis? | where you make things, you put things together, therefore more reactants than products |
| What is decomposition? | where you break things apart, you are destroying something, therefore more products than reactants as you are breaking things up. |
| What is displacement: | Is where you have one thing that is more reactive than the other. so the more reactive one has displaced something else. It is when something gets pushed out and gets replaced. there are different types of single or double |
| What is complete combustion? | it is a reaction with oxygen where your products are H2O and CO2 |
| What is incomplete combustion? | It is also a reaction with oxygen, however, your products are either carbon or carbon monoxide ( C and CO ) |
| Particle models |
Image:
(1) (image/png)
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| A combustion reaction that produces heat is called... | Exothermic |
| A combustion that absorbs heat is called..... | Endothermic |
| what is liquid to gas called? | Evaporation |
| What is solid to liquid called? | Melting |
| What is gas to a liquid called? | Condensation |
| What is a liquid to a solid called? | Solidifying |
| State collision theory: | For a chemical reaction to occur, the reactant particles must collide. But collisions with too little energy do not produce a reaction. The rate of reaction depends on the rate of successful collisions between reactant particles. The more successful collisions there are, the faster the rate of reaction. |
| The higher the temperature the lower the rate of reaction? True or False | False |
| Higher concentration means what? | Higher chance of collisions so that increases the rate of reaction |
| As the surface area increases what else does? | Rate of reaction |
| The rate of reaction doubles every how many degrees? | every 10 degrees |
| What is quantitative data? | How much something is in number and figures |
| What is qualitative data? | It is if it happened or not and what and how it happened |
| List some factors on how you can tell if a reaction has happened | color temperature goes up: exothermic change temperature goes down: endothermic change bubbles: show that the state is changing, liquid to gas sound light smell mass |
| What is the test for CO2? | The lime water test, this is a test where you take transparent lime water and then blow CO2 into it and it should turn murky. |
| What is the test for O2? | Glowing splint test, you take a glowing splint and put it near oxygen and if it ignites again it is a positive test. |
| What is the test for H? | The squeaky pop test, take a flaming piece of wood to the gas and if it makes a pop sound it's a positive test |
| What is balancing equations? | It means making sure that the reaction is equal on both sides of the formula. |
| What happens when a metal reacts with water? | It splits the water apart, you will always end up with oxygen and hydrogen, the metal really wants to loose electrons. |
| What does (s) mean? | Solid |
| What does (L) mean? | Liquid |
| What does (G) mean? | Gas |
| What does (Aq) mean? | Dissolves in Liquid |
| What are the products of metals reacting with acid? | Salt and Hydrogen |
| What are the products of alkali metals reacting with acid? | Water |
| What is a salt? | A salt is anything that contains a metal and a nonmetal |
| What is the Ph scale? | The Ph scale is something that measures how acidic something is |
| Is water neutral? | Yes |
| Sulfate=? | Sulfur+Oxygen |
| HydroChloric means? | Hydrogen with chloride |
| Nitric? | HNO3 |
| Sulfuric Acid | H2(SO4) |
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