13063510
Description
Flashcards by J yadonknow, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by J yadonknow
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Intercellular communcation | Para/auto/endo/juxtacrine |
| Paracrine | Signal affects close prox. cells Lim travel |
| Autocrine | Sender+target same cell type of paracrine |
| Endocrine | Usually acts on distant cells can affect nearby hormones |
| Juxtacrine | Signalling cell in direct contact / target cell Gap junction connexons OR signalling protein on cell surface one cell physically interacts w/ receptor of other |
| Cell influence response | 1) Reg its R # 2) Synth. dif. isoforms of R 3) Most ligands are hydrophilic, can't pass through LBL, don't cause a response. |
| Cell signalling for cell surface R's (9) | 1. Pack+synth of sig mol. into IC vesicles. 2. Release into EC space by exo 3. Transport to R 4. Binding of sig to spec. cell surf R, induces conf. Δ+ activation. 5. +R then + dwnstream sig transduct. pro/2' mess. 6. Leads to + of E protein(s) 7a. Short-term Δ 7b. Long-term Δ (gene expression) 8. Term of response by - FDBCK from IC sig mol. 9. Removal of EC signal |
| Modification of proteins for signal transduction | Protein cov. mod by +Pi +Pi usually induces confo Δ +Pi added from ATP by PK -Pi by phosphatase |
| How is this tightly regulated? | Opportunity to amplify/regulate and control pathway at every level |
| Termination of Signal (3) | Eliminate EC ligand Deactivate signal transduction proteins Remove +R from PCM via Endocytosis |
| Eliminate EC ligand | enzymatic degradation |
| Deactivate signal transduction proteins | -Pi by phosphatases |
| Remove +R from PCM via Endocytosis | R+L internalised Either: Seperated, R recycled, L destroyed OR: Both destroyed |
| Natural endogenous kinases (3) | Hormones Cytokines Growth Factor |
| Epinephrine/histamine are | Small H2O soluble molecules |
| Prostaglandins are | lipophilic molecules |
| Glucagon and insulin are | H2O soluble peptide hormones |
| Hormones detected by IC R | Lipophobic like steroids |
| Cytokines are | Peptides of varying sizes |
| 3 Examples IITNF | e.g. Interleukins/interferons/tumour necrosis factor |
| What's their function | Co-ordination of the immune system |
| Growth factors are | Peptides of varying sizes |
| What type of signalling do they employ? | Para/autocrine signalling |
| What's their function? | Regulates growth+differentiation |
| Agonist | Bind and + R, inducing signal + bioresponse |
| Antagonists | Binds R, doesn't induce signalling |
| Degrees of agonist action | Full/partial leads to full/partial activation |
| Factors of drug action (2) | Affinity Intrinsic action |
| What is affinity? | ability of drug to bind to specific R |
| What is their intrinsic action? | inherent ability to induce bio signalling |
| What does a value of 1 mean? | 1= how well natural ligand works, the benchmark |
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