13200684
Description
Flashcards by Bahaar Mahal, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bahaar Mahal
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Solute | A substance being dissolved in a solvent. |
| Solvent | A liquid that dissolves a solute. |
| Solution | The mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent. |
| Soluble with e.g | Able to be dissolved, e.g. salt or sugar. |
| Insoluble with e.g | Unable to be dissolved, e.g. sand or rubber. |
| Dilute | small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent. |
| Concentrated | A large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent. |
| Mixture | Two or more physically joined substances that can be separated. |
| Filtration With diagram | Filtration is used to separate a solid mixed with liquid (a mixture). It filters the liquid (filtrate) and leaves behind the solid (residue) |
| Evaporation With diagram | Evaporation is used to separate a solid dissolved in a liquid (a solution). It evaporates the solvent and leaves the solute behind. |
| Distillation With diagram | Distillation is used to separate 2 liquids but keep them both. This is done by boiling the solution at the lowest boiling point of the two liquids to evaporate it away and then condense it back to a liquid in a separate container. |
| Chromatography | Chromatography is used to separate a mixture of coloured compounds. eg inks and dyes. The pigments separate because they have different solubilities in a solvent. This means that the more soluble pigments are carried faster and further by the solvent. |
| Matter | Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter is made up of particles, which are always moving. Particles at or below -273 degrees celcius die. The speed the particles move at is affected by the temperature they are at. The higher the temperature of particles, the faster they move. |
| 3 states of matter | Solid, liquid and gas. |
| Solid | Things that have fixed shapes and cannot be compressed. The particles are held by strong bonds with no distance between them, so that they can only vibrate. The particles are packed in a regular pattern. |
| Liquid | Takes the shape of its container and can be compressed. The particles are held together by weaker bonds with enough distance between them that the particles can slide past each other. They are not packed in a regular pattern. |
| Gas | Takes the shape of its space and can be compressed. The particles are spaced very far apart and move around very quickly because there are no forces or bonds holding them together. |
| Melting | When a solid is heated, energy is added. This makes the particles vibrate so much that their bond loosen and they break away from each other,causing the solid to melt and turn into a liquid. |
| Freezing | When a liquid is cooled, energy is taken away. This causes the particles in a liquid to vibrate less. Because of this, they move closer together and the bonds to become stronger, therefore the liquid will freeze back into a solid. |
| Boiling | When a liquid is heated, energy is added. This causes the particles to vibrate more. Because of this, they expand and the distance between them increases, their bonds become extremely weak or even non-existent, turning them into a gas. |
| Condensing | When gas is cooled, energy is taken away. This causes the particles to vibrate less and the bonds between the particles to become stronger, turning the gas into a liquid. |
| Sublimation | The process of going from a solid to a gas without melting. |
| Diffusion | Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal. E.g. when deodorant is sprayed. |
| Heat | Heat is the transfer of energy from a hot body to a cooler body. |
| What are the 3 methods of heat transfer? | Conduction - Solids Convection - Liquids and gases Radiation - Solids, liquids, gases, vacuums (e.g space), no material needed. |
| Conduction With diagram | Heat travels through solids by conduction. By heating the particles of a solid, it makes them vibrate and bump into each other, spreading the vibration. |
| Example of conductor | Metal |
| Example of insulator | Wood, plastic. |
| Convection With diagram | When particles are heated, they vibrate faster, which causes them to expand and become less dense (lighter). The hot particles rise. As the particles move further away from the heat source, they cool, down. Causing them to contract and become more dense (heavier), then they sink. This called a convection current. |
| Radiation | Radiation is a form of heat transfer. Heat is transferred by using infrared electromagnetic waves. |
| What colour is a good absorber of radiation? | Black. |
| What colour is a good reflector of radiation? | White and Silver. |
| Why does matter expand when heated? | When particles are heated, the vibrate faster because of the increased energy, this causes them to bump into each other. This increases the distance between particles, they expand. e.g wood in summer. |
| Why does matter contract when cooled? | Because particles are cooled, energy is being removed, this causes the particles to vibrate less and move closer togethor (contract). e.g wood in winter. |
| What is an atom? | The smallest particle that can't be broken down any further by chemical means. |
| What is a molecule? | Two or more chemically joined atoms. |
| What is an element? | A pure substance, containing only one kind of atom. e.g O2, C, He |
| What is a compound? | A pure substance, containing more than one kind of atom. e.g H2O, NaCl, CO2 |
| What is the particle theory of matter? | All matter is made up of particles. Particles are always moving. Temperature affects the speed the particles are moving. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles are moving. |
| What is absolute zero? | When particles stop moving at -273 degrees Celsius. |
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