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Description
Flashcards by J yadonknow, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by J yadonknow
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Diagram of the ear | Pinna External ear canal Tympanic membrane Ossicles Oval body Cochlea Auditory vestibular nerves |
| Function of pinna | Act as parabolic reflectors to collect sound |
| MOA | Pinna -> tympanic membrane -> ossicles -> motion at oval window membrane -> moves fluid in cochlea |
| What does movement of fluid in cochlea cause? | A response in sensory neurons |
| Anatomy of the cochlea | Scala vestibulia Scala media Scala tympani Basilar membrane |
| Diagram of frequency propagation | Low f propagate all the way from base to the apex Base \ basilar membrane \ apex |
| Diagram of how sound stim blablablah | Basilar membrane Hair cells Tectorial membrane Spiral ganglia |
| Hair cell features | stereocilia lack axons (no AP) sandwiched btw. basilar + tectorial membrane |
| What constitutes the signal? | As basilar moves in response to sound stereocilia bend, this stimulation is synpased w/ spiral ganglion |
| What do position of hair cell indicate? | Position along basilar membrane indicates frequency of the sound (mexican wave) |
| What sort of relationship is this | TONOTOPIC RELATIONSHIP |
| Auditory cortex | 2' 500Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000Hz 8000Hz 16000Hz |
| What is the eardrum equivalent in insects? | Tympanum in legs |
| Diagram | Tympanum muscle BV crista acoustica Auditory neuron |
| What is tonopy? | spatial arrangement of where sounds of different frequency are processed in the brain. |
| Tonopy in insects processed where? | prothoracic ganglion |
| What is Johnston's organ? | Antennal hearing organ in mosquitoes for detecting f of female wing beats |
| What is the f of female wing beats? | 360-400Hz |
| How does the Johnston's organ do this? | Active process in sensory neurons amplify the signal, making the organ extremely sensitive to the sound |
| Insects vs. vertebrates Vibration detected by | Membrane/appendage/hair Tympanic membrane |
| Amplification | Some amplification via active response of sensory dendrites Several amplificatory processes (e.g. external ear, ossicles, cochlear) |
| Tonopy | Rare in CNS Common in CNS |
| Signal nature | Specific, few in number, simple Complex |
| How are vibrations detected | Subsonic vibration via hair Vibration detection present like lateral line organs in fish |
| Signal transduction in taste cells SALT and ACID | Salt and Acid have Na+ and H+ channels K+ efflux channel Depolarise Open V gated Ca++ Cause neurot. release |
| Signal transduction in taste cells SWEET and BITTER and UMAMI | GPCRs that bind to food molecules Depolarise K+ channel blocked V gated Ca++ open Neurot released |
| Vertebrae olfaction diagram (5) | Olfactory bulb Olfactory glomerulus bone Olfactory receptor Olfactory epithelium |
| Olfactory neuron | Axon Soma Denrite Cilia Nasal secretions |
| Olfactory transfuction | Binding of odour molecules causes G protein SU to stim. adenylyl cyclase This ^ cAMP This opens ion channels in CM Depolarises AP generated |
| Where do invertebrae taste and olfactory chemosensory R molecules lie? | On outer membrane of cilia |
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