Javascript Related Terms

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First class citizen	In programming language design, a first-class citizen (also object, entity, or value) in a given programming language is an entity which supports all the operations generally available to other entities. These operations typically include being passed as a parameter, returned from a function, and assigned to a variable.[1]
Functional Programming	functional programming is a programming paradigm, a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs, that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data. It is a declarative programming paradigm, which means programming is done with expressions. In functional code, the output value of a function depends only on the arguments that are input to the function, so calling a function f twice with the same value for an argument x will produce the same result f(x) each time. Eliminating side effects, i.e. changes in state that do not depend on the function inputs, can make it much easier to understand and predict the behavior of a program, which is one of the key motivations for the development of functional programming.
Imperative Mood	The imperative is a grammatical mood that forms commands or requests, including the giving of prohibition or permission, or any other kind of exhortation.
Imperative programming	Imperative programming is focused on describing how a program operates. In computer science terminologies, imperative programming is a programming paradigm that describes computation in terms of statements that change a program state. In much the same way that imperative mood in natural languages expresses commands to take action, imperative programs define sequences of commands for the computer to perform.
Declarative Programming	Declarative programming is a non-imperative style of programming in which programs describe their desired results without explicitly listing commands or steps that must be performed. Functional and logical programming languages are characterized by a declarative programming style.
JavaScript was originally developed by Brendan Eich	Brendan Eich
ECMAScript	ECMAScript is the scripting language standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-262 specification and ISO/IEC 16262. The language is widely used for client-side scripting on the web, in the form of several well-known implementations such as JavaScript, JScript and ActionScript.
Features of Javscript	Imperative and structured Dynamic(Dynamic typing,Object based,Runtime evaluation) Functional(first-class functions) Prototype-based(Prototypes,Functions as object constructors,Functions as methods) Implicit and explicit delegation(Functions as Roles (Traits and Mixins),Object Composition and Inheritance)
Delegation	Delegation refers to one object relying upon another to provide a specified set of functionalities. In research, this is often referred to as consultation or as aggregation in modeling.
JavaScript is officially managed by	Mozilla Foundation
Is there built-in I/O functionality in JavaScript?	No, the runtime environment provides that.
Lexical Scope	"part of a program" refers to "portion of the source code (area of text)", and is known as lexical scope.
Dynamic Scope	"part of a program" refers to "portion of run time (time period during execution)", and is known as dynamic scope
Variadic Function	A variadic function is a function of indefinite arity, i.e., one which accepts a variable number of arguments.
How does the browsers contains the security threats posed by Javascript?	Sandbox(scripts run in a sandbox in which they can only perform web-related actions, not general-purpose programming tasks like creating files) Same-origin policy(scripts from one web site do not have access to information such as usernames, passwords, or cookies sent to another site)
Spider Monkey	SpiderMonkey is the code name for the first-ever JavaScript engine, written by Brendan Eich. SpiderMonkey currently provides JavaScript support for Mozilla Firefox and various embeddings such as the GNOME 3 desktop.
Rhino	Rhino is a JavaScript engine developed entirely in Java and managed by the Mozilla Foundation as open source software.
AJAX	Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript + XML) is a group of interrelated Web development techniques used on the client-side to create asynchronous Web applications.
XSS	Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in Web applications. XSS enables attackers to inject client-side script into Web pages viewed by other users. A cross-site scripting vulnerability may be used by attackers to bypass access controls such as the same origin policy. Cross-site scripting carried out on websites accounted for roughly 84% of all security vulnerabilities documented by Symantec as of 2007.A solution to XSS vulnerabilities is to use HTML escaping whenever displaying untrusted data.
What is the latest version of Javascript?	1.8.5
JSON	JSON or JavaScript Object Notation, is an open standard format that uses human-readable text to transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs. It is used primarily to transmit data between a server and web application, as an alternative to XML.
What is jQuery and what are it's advantages?	jQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML. Advantages: Separates Javascript and HTML, Brevity and Clarity , Eliminates cross-browser incompatibilities , Extensible

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	Created by Praveen Kumar3273 over 9 years ago