1502374
Description
Flashcards by itstinachen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by itstinachen
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define the Electron Transport Chain. | A series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron carriers to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of H+ ions across a membrane. |
| List the protein complexes ordered from low to high electronegativity | NADH dehydrogenase Ubiquinone Cytochrome b-c1 complex cytochrome C (C) cytochrome oxidase complex |
| List all reactants of the ETC. | 6 NADH (Krebs) 2 NADH (pyruvate oxidation) 2 FADH2 (Krebs) 2 FADH2 (from 2 cytosolic NADH) 32 ADP 32 Pi 6 O2 12H+ |
| Explain the roles of NADH and FADH2 to the ETC. | NADH and FADH2 transfer the H atom electrons they carry into the complexes. |
| The electron transport chain is highly (exergonic/endergonic)? | exergonic |
| Where does NADH pass its electrons to initially? | The first protein complex, NADH dehydrogenase |
| Where does FADH2 transfer its initial electrons to? | (Q) ubiquinone |
| The oxidation of FADH2 is used to pump _(#) protons into the inter membrane space, while NADH pumps _, forming the same number of ATP correspondingly. | 2, 3 |
| What does cytochrome oxidase complex do? | catalyzes reactions between the e-, H+, and molecular O2 to form H2O |
| How is a proton concentration gradient formed across the inner membrane? | s |
| How does molecular oxygen play a role in ETC? | it's one of the most EN substaces on earth. it strips the 2 electrons from the final protein complex in the chain and + 2 H+ --> H2O |
| The NADH cannot pass through the _______ of the mitochondrion. | inner membrane |
| Explain the function of the glycerol-phosphate shuttle. | transfers the electrons from cytoplasmic NADH to FAD to produce FADH2. Like the FADH2 produced in the Krebs cycle, it transfers its electrons to Q, then followed by chemiosmosis etcetera |
| Define electrochemical gradient. | a concentration gradient created by pumping ions into a space surrounded by a membrane that is impermeable to the ions. |
| Define PMF | proton motive force. it's a force that moves protons through an ATPase complex on account of the free energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient of protons across a biological membrane. |
| Define the two components of electrochemical gradient | 1. electrical component: caused by higher positive charge in intermembrane space than that of the matrix 2. chemical component caused by a higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space than that of the matrix |
| What energy drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi when protons are moving through the ATPase complex? | the free energy of the electrochemical gradient |
| What happens after chemiosmosis? | - ATP molecules are transported through both mito. membranes by facilitated diffusion into the cytoplasm where they are used to drive endergonic processes ex) active transport, synthesis reactions, movement, throughout the cell |
| Factors affecting ATP production include...? | The maintenance of an H+ reservoir. Food --> no food = no e- No O2 = no flow thru ETC = clogged chain = stationary electrons |
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