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Flashcards by jason_2431, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jason_2431
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is an algorithm? | It is a set of instructions independent of any programming language which solves problems or calculates a function. |
| What are the standard constructs of an algorithm? | -Sequence -Assignment -Selection -Repetition |
| What is a sequence? | It means performing an operation each steps consecutively in the order they occur. |
| What is an assignment? | It means giving a value to a variable. |
| What is a selection? | It means to choose a step or to a take a decision. |
| What is a repetition? | It is a sequence of steps which loop until a requirement is met. |
| What are the different kind of loops? | Do...While Loop While...Do Loop Repeat...Until Loop For Loop |
| What is a pseudocode? | A pseudocode uses a combination of programming terminology and plain english to describe algorithms in a form which is easier for people to understand than real programming language code. |
| What is visual basic(VB) ? | VB has very simple programming syntax and it is not case sensitive. |
| What is a concatonation? | This means to add pieces of text(strings) together. |
| Strings can be manipulated in various ways: | - It can be formatted. - It can be made all in uppercase. - Spaces can be removed. - The length of the strings can be counted. |
| stages of problem solving: | 1. Understand the problem. 2. Define the problem. 3. Defining the bounderies. 4. Planning the solution. 5. Check the solution. |
| What are structure charts? | It is a chart which shows the breakdown of a system into its lowest manageable task. |
| What is an array? | An array is set of values which are logically related to each other. |
| Error types in programming: | - Compilation error (syntax error) - Run-time error - Logic error (semantic error) |
| What is a top down approach? | A top down approach also known as a stepwise design is the breaking down of a system into subsystems. |
| Procedures and function? | Procedures and functions allow us to save lots of lines of codes. They allow codes to be reused, to structure programming, easily incooperate other people's code. |
| Difference between a procedure and a function? | Procedures do not return any value whereas function must return a value. |
| What are calls? | Calls allow you to run the code declared in a procedure or function. |
| What is SQL? | SQL stands for structured query or standard query language. It lets you access and manipulate databases. |
| RDBMS? | Relational database management system. |
| What is an operating system? | An os is designed to run the background of a computer system and provides an environment in which application software can be executed. |
| What are the purposes of an operating system? | - The os must manage the physical resources of the computer. - The os provides mean of communication between the user and the computer. - The os provides a platform in which the application software can run. - The os maintain security. - The os hides the complexity of the hardware from the user. |
| What is a batch processing? | A batch processing does not allow interaction between the user and the processor during the execution of a program and lots of programs are collected together to form a batch. |
| Why is batch processing used? | - There are large amounts of data to be processed. - The data are very similar in nature and require similar processing. - The computer system has identifiable time when it is not being used and so has available processing time. - The application does not require interaction by the user. |
| Examples of batch processing? | - Processing in payroll. - The production of bank statements for customer at periodic intervals. - The production of utility bills. |
| What is real time processing? | In real time processing, the processing can be quickly enough to affect the next input for process that needs to be carried out. |
| What are the two standardised codes used internationally for character representation of data? | ascii - american stadard code for information interchange. EBCDIC - Extended binary coded decimal interchange code. |
| Byte? | A byte holds one character. |
| What are different number system? | - Denary number system. - Binary number system. - Hexadecimal number system. |
| What is a denary? | It is a number system consisting of digits from 0 - 9 used to represent numbers either singly or in ordered group. |
| What is an unsigned integer? | An unsigned integer is a whole number whose sign( + , - ) is not represented in the word. |
| What is a hardware? | Hardware refer to the physical electronic and electrical components that make up a computer system. |
| What are peripheral devices? | Peripheral devices are hardware that are outside of the CPU and connected to the computer by internal wiring, cables or wireless technology. |
| What is a software? | A software is a set of instructions that makes the computer hardware usable. |
| Types of software? | - System software. - Application software. |
| What is a single user OS? | A single user os controls a system which has only one use and their programs at any time. |
| What is multi-user os? | A multi-user os has a single powerful computer which is connected to a umber of terminals. |
| What is a multi-tasking os? | A multi-tasking os allows several application to be available simultaneously. |
| What is network? | A network comprises of several computer linked together for the purpose of communications and sharing of resources. |
| A network os carry out task such as? | - control access to the network. - Management of the filling system. - Management of all application programs from the server. - Management of all shared peripherals. |
| what is a bitmap graphic? | It is a collection of pixels from an image mapped to a specific memory location holding their binary colour value. |
| What is a pixels? | It is the smallest possible addressable area defined by a solid colour, represented as binary in an image. |
| what is an image resolution? | It is the number of pixels and image contained per inch or per centimetre. |
| What is a screen resolution? | It is the number of pixels per row by the number of pixels per colour. |
| What is a digital image? | It is composed of pixels arranged in a rectangular array with a certain height and width. |
| What are vector graphics? | Images are represented as mathematical formula that define all the shapes in the image such as lines, polygons and text. |
| What is sound? | Sound is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid or gas. |
| ADC? | It converts analogue sound into digital signals that can be stored on a computer. |
| DAC? | converts digital signals that can be stored on a computer into analogue sound that can be played through devices such as speakers. |
| Bit rate? | bit rate is the number of bits required to store one second of sound. |
| sample rate? | number of samples per second. |
| sample resolution? | Number of hits per sample. |
| Bit rate? | Number of bits required to store 1 second of sound. |
| what is a video? | A video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying and broadcasting of moving visual images. |
| Frame rate? | It is the number of still pictures per unit time of video, ranges from 6 or 8 frames per second. |
| RFID reader? | It is used to read data without physical contact which has a radio frequency identification chip. |
| CRT? | A CRT is a visual display unit which was mostly used in all fat television. |
| what is cache memory? | cache memory is a type of memory which is very fast and is used to improve the speed of a computer doubling it in some cases. |
| de morgan's law? | de morgan's law are used to simplify boolean's equations so that equations involving one sorted gate generally used in NAND or NOR gates can be built. |
| Library software? | Library software are a collections of resources used to develop programs. |
| assembler? | it translate assembly language into machine code. |
| adv of assembler? | - very fast - take less memory - easy to understand |
| compiler? | translates code written in hll to a lll , machine or object code. |
| adv of compilor? | -the source code is not included. -its faster -it produce executable file. |
| disv of compilor? | -obj code needs to be produced. -the source code must be 100% correct. |
| interpreter? | an interpreter executes other programs directly running through program code executing it line by line. |
| adv of interpreter? | -easy to debug -easy to cr8 |
| disv of interpreter? | -usually slower programs -source code required -can be insecure |
| Processor? | a processor is the most complex part of the computer system. |
| what does the processor contains? | - control unit -arithmetic and control unit - registers |
| registers? | they are special memory cell which operate at very high speed. |
| 3 buses? | - control bus -address bus - data bus |
| address bus? | it is a signal directional bus that carries address signals from the cpu to main memory and input, output devices. |
| data bus? | it is a bi-directional bus consisting of 32 wires used to transport data and instructions between the 3 components of the cpu. |
| control bus? | it is a bi-directional bus consisting of more than 16 wires used to control signals between the 3 components of the cpu. |
| Input/output controllers? | It is an electronic circuit connected to the system bus and in an i/o device. |
| I/O ports? | I/o ports is a method of performing input or output between the cpu and the peripheral devices and the computer. |
| control units? | The control unit sits inside the cpu and coordinates the input or output devices. |
| Clock? | The processor clock is a timing device connected to the processor which synchronises when the fetch-decode execute cycles run. |
| clock speed? | it is the number of cycles that are performed by the cpu per second. |
| examples of registors? | - general purpose register. - address register. -conditional address register. |
| 4 registers which are important? | - program counter (PC). - memory address register. -memory buffer register. -current instruction register. |
| program counter? | An incrementing counter which keeps track of the memory address of which instruction is to be executed next. |
| Memory address register? | Holds the address in memory of the next instruction to be executed. |
| Memory buffer registor? | A two way register which holds data fetched from memory or data waiting to be stored in memory. |
| current instruction register? | A temporary holding ground for the instruction that have just been fetched from memory. |
| how to increase performance of processor? | -Increase clock speed -Increase word length - increase bus width |
| fetch-decode execute cycle? | It is the process by which a computer - fetches a program instruction from its memory -determines what instruction wants to do - carries out those actions. |
| MAR(memory address register) | The address in main memory which is currently being read or written. |
| MBR ( memory buffer register) | A two way register which holds data fetched from memory and ready for the CPU to process or data waiting to be stored in memory. |
| CIR (current instruction register) | It is a temporary holding place being fetched from memory. |
| register notation? | To describe the fetch-decode execute cycle. |
| Status register? | It contains bits which are set or cleared based on the result of an instruction. |
| Types of interrupt: | -Interrupt generated by the running process - I/O interrupt -Timer interrupt -Program check interrupt -Machine check interrupt |
| 3 terms that are used for building data requirements? | - entity -attributes -relationship |
| entity? | it is an object, a person, an event or something of interest to an organisation about which data is to be recorded. |
| attributes? | it is a property or characteristic of an entity. |
| relationship? | a relationship is a link or association with two entities. |
| artificial intelligence? | It is a science concerned with the general study of intelligence in all its forms both in living organisms and in present machines as well as future machines. |
| Digital divide? | It is the disparity between groups when accessing information and communication technologies. |
| several problems of data? | -data redundancy -data inconsistency -lack of flexibility -data was not shareable |
| DBMS(database management system) | it is a software used to control access to data in a database. |
| feature of dbms? | -program data independence whereby the storage structure of the data is hidden from each application or user. - restricted user access to the data that is each user is given a limited view of the data according to the needs |
| data dictionary? | a data dictionary describes the structure and attributes of data items to be used within a software application usually a database. |
| normalisation? | it is the process used to keep the database as efficient as it can be without any unnecessary duplication and no redundant data. |
| rules of normalisation: | -organise data efficiently. -eliminate redundant data. -ensure that only related data are stored in a table. |
| intranet? | it is a private network within an organisation which many offer file sharing, printer sharing, private website, etc.. |
| Packet switching? | It is the method by which the internet works. It features delivery of packets of data between devices over a shared network. |
| a domain name service? ( DNS) | It translates domain names meaningful to human into IP addresses for the purpose of locating and addressing the devices worldwide. |
| protocol? | it is a set of rules governing the way that devices communicate with each other. |
| port number? | it is an application or process specific communication endpoint to an IP address. |
| FTP(file transfer protocol) | it is a standard network used to copy a file from one host to another over TCP/IP. |
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