Perms and Relaxers

Question	Answer
Sodium hydroxide relaxers are also known as: a. lye relaxers b. thio relaxers c. no-lye relaxers d. base chemical realxers	A Lye Relaxers Sodium hydroxide relaxers are also known as lye relaxers and have a ph of 10.5-14.
Which of the following is NOT a step taken when performing a virgin sodium hydroxide relaxer service? a. perform a strand test b. perform a periodic comb test c. pre-shampoo the client's hair d. follow the service with a neutralizing shampoo	C. Pre-shampoo the client's hair. 1. perform strand test 4. DO NOT PRE-SHAMPOO THE CLIENT"S HAIR 9. Perform comb test 10. Rinse thoroughly with warm water, and without scalp manipulations, until water runs clear. Direct the water spray away from the client's face. Follow with neutralizing shampoo
An acid-balanced neutralizing shampoo or stabilizer is used after the hair is free of chemicals to: a. smooth the hair b. loosen the shape c. condition the hair d. reharden the hair	D. Re Harden the hair It is important to use an acid-balanced neutralizing shampoo or stabilizer to reharden (lock) the hair into its new, straight shape.
The primary method for applying the relaxer chemical is with a: a. clip b. brush c. spatula d. spray bottle	B. Brush There are three methods for applying the relaxer: the brush, comb, or fingers.
Hair wound on rods with too much tension may cause which of the following: a. lighter hair color b. unpleasant odor c. darker hair color d. breakage or dryness	D. breakage or dryness Wrapping the hair with too much tension could result in breakage or dryness.
What does the porosity of the hair affect when working with a chemical relaxer? a. elasticity b. the hairstyle c. processing time d. the type of relaxer	C. processing time Porosity refers to the ability of the hair to absorb liquids or chemicals. It's also one of the determining factors in selecting the appropriate chemical relaxer strength and processing time.
Which of the following tests should be performed during a relaxer technique to determine if the proper amount of relaxation has occurred? a. comb test b. strand test c. metallic salt test d. preliminary strand test	A. Comb test The relaxation test, aka the comb test, allows you to determine if additional smoothing is required.
A sodium hydroxide relaxer service should not be performed on which of the following hair conditions? a. hair that is short b. fine textured hair c. extremely curly hair d. hair that has been bleached	D. hair that had been bleached Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).
What is the range of pH for alkaline waves? a. 3.0 to 4.5 b. 5.0 to 6.5 c. 6.9 to 7.2 d. 8.0 to 9.5	d. 8.0 to 9.5 Alkaline waves carry a pH of approximately 8.0 to 9.5.
Which of the following could describe what determines the processing time and proper perm solution? a. client's growth pattern b. client's natural hair color c. the size of the applicator bottle d. the texture, elasticity, and porosity of the client's hair	D. the texture, elasticity, and porosity of the client's hair The more porous the hair, the less resistant it is to absorbing the perm solution. if hair has poor elasticity it means that it will not return to its original state after its it gently stretched, therefore it will react adversely to the perm solution. Hair texture is essential to consider when selecting the proper perm formula as well as the size of the rod used.
Proper draping procedures for chemical services accomplish all of the following EXCEPT: a. preventing burns b. preventing skin irritation c. protecting the client's clothing d. place cape between client and the chair back	D. place cape between client and the chair back Proper draping procedure for chemical services protect the client's clothing as well as help prevent skin irritations or burns caused by the chemicals you apply.
To equalize the porosity of highly porous hair, it may be necessary to use which of the following products? a. pre-wrap product b. disulfide product c. strong shampoo product d. sodium hydroxide product	A. pre-wrap product Highly porous hair needs to be reconditioned before any perm service with a prewrapping product to equalize porosity.
A pull test is performed to check for which of the following? a. porosity b. melanin c. elasticity d. brittleness	C. elasticity The elasticity test is aka the pull test.
What could be the cause of a perm not lasting as long as expected? a. overprocessing b. uneven distribution c. excessive stretching. d. incomplete neutralizing	D. Incomplete neutralizing Cause: incomplete neutralization; insufficient blotting after rinsing perm solution, which dilutes the neutralizer Solution: Remove excess water by blotting the entire head first and then each rod before applying neutralizer.
Super strength relaxer is used for which of the following hair conditions? a. fine, porous hair b. color-treated hair c. curly-to-medium textured hair d. tightly curled, coarse-textured hair	D. tightly curled, coarse-textured hair Super is used on overly curly, coarse-textured hair or resistant hair.
What is used to protect the scalp and hairline from the sodium hydroxide relaxer product? a. sealer b. conditioner c. hand lotion d. base cream	D. Base cream These relaxers required that a protective cream (base) be applied to the scalp prior to the relaxer service.
If curl reforming is desired, cut off all hair previously treated with which of the following? a. peroxide b. sodium hydroxide c. ammonium thioglycolate d. glycerol monothioglycolate	B. sodium hydroxide Cut off all hair that has been previously treated with sodium hydroxide if curl reforming is desired. Do not perform a curl reformation service on hair that has been relaxed with a sodium hydroxide or no-lye relaxer. Using thio-based products on hydroxide-treated hair will result in severe hair damage or breakage since these two chemicals are not compatible.
In alkaline waves, the perm solution chemically breaks or reduces the: a. porosity of the hair b. medulla of the hair c. strong disulfide bonds d. color molecules in the hair	C. strong disulfide bonds In alkaline (cold) waves, the perm solution chemically breaks (or reduces) the strong disulfide bonds while the hair is wrapped on the perm rods.
When performing a curl reformation service, the rod diameter chosen should be at least how many times larger than the diameter of the natural curl pattern? a. two b. four c. six d. ten	A. two Use rods that are at least 2 times the diameter of the natural curl.
When performing a chemical relaxer procedure on porous hair, choose a product labeled: a. mild b. regular c. super d. extreme	A. mild Mild is used on healthy, color-treated hair, fine-texture or porous hair.
What ingredient in color products could cause uneven curls, discoloration and hair breakage? a. red dye b. metallic salt c. oxidative color d. nonoxidative color	B. Metallic salt Color products containing metallic salts form a residue on the hair that interferes with the chemical action of a perm. the result can be uneven curls, distinct discoloration, hair damage or breakage.
What is the shape of a tightly curled hair follicle? a. oval b. round c. straight d. elliptical	D. elliptical Overly-curly = Elliptical follicle shape
In the perm procedure, proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or: a. bevels in the hair b. spirals in the hair c. beads on the ends of the hair d. fishhooks on the ends of the hair	D. fishhooks on the ends of the hair End papers are used to control the hair ends and keep the hair smoothly wrapped around the perm tool. Proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or "fishhooks" on the ends of the hair.
Which of the following descriptions does NOT identify a step involved in a thermal reconditioning? a. straighten the hair using a flat iron b. neutralize the hair with a designated product c. reform to produce a new curl pattern around perm tools d. relax the hair with an ammonium thioglycolate-based product	C. reform to produce a new curl pattern around perm tools Perm definition
On-base control is not recommended for alkaline perms since expansion is limited at the base and: a. chemicals weaken the curl b. causes a crease in the hair c. chemicals increase dryness d. tension may cause breakage	D. Tension may cause breakage On-base control is not recommended for alkaline perms, since expansion is limited at the base and tension may cause breakage.
What is used to protect the scalp and hairline from caustic chemicals? a. sealer b. conditioner c. hand lotion d. base cream	D. base cream Before applying the chemical product on the client's hair and scalp, it is important to protect the skin around the hairline and ears with a protective base cream (basing) Body heat liquefies the base, providing a light oily film that helps protect the scalp from irritation during chemical processing.
The chemical phase of perms involves all of the following EXCEPT: a. applying neutralizer b. applying perm solution c. wrapping hair around the perm tool d. rinsing the perm solution from the hair	C. Wrapping hair around the perm tool Physical phase: wrapping hair around the perm tool Chemical phase: applying perm solution, rinsing, blotting
The hair's ability to stretch and return to its original shape is called: a. texture b. density c. porosity d. elasticity	D. elasticity Elasticity is the hair's ability to be stretched and return to its original condition.
The main ingredient found in an acid wave is: a. sodium hydroxide b. calcium hydroxide c. potassium hydroxide d. glycerol monothioglycolate	D. Glycerol monothioglycolate Acid waves contained a thioglycolic derivative, called glycerol monothioglycolate
Which of the following steps may be required when perming resistant hair? a. pre-lightening b. longer processing time c. longer neutralizing time d. shorter processing time	B. longer processing time Resistant hair may require heat and a longer processing time.
Which of the following descriptions does NOT identify the meaning of porosity? a. the hair's ability to stretch b. the hair's ability to retain liquids c. the hair's ability to absorb liquids d. the hair's ability to absorb perming solution	A the hair's ability to stretch Elasticity is the hair's ability to stretch and return to its original state Porosity is the hair's ability to absorb liquids
What determines the size and shape of the new curl configuration? a. hair color b. perm solution c. perm rod size d. neutralizing solution	C. perm rod size In perming, the goal is to have the hair assume the size and shape of the tool used.
The function of a curl activator is to provide moisture and: a. prevent frizziness b. further straighten hair c. protect the hairline d. help retain shape of a new curl configuration	D. help retain shape of a new curl configuration
Alkaline perms produce faster processing times and: a. more shine b. better color c. stronger curl d. less curl consistency	C. Stronger curl these perms are excellent for resistant hair or when strong curl patterns are desired.
The two wrapping techniques for perming are called the overlap (croquignole) and : a. spiral b. convex c. concave d. endpaper	A. spiral There are two basic methods of wrapping hair around a perm tool: The croquignole, also called the overlap, and the spiral.
A neutralizer rebonds and restores the disulfide bonds in addition to which of the following? a. increases the swelling in the cortex b. softens the bonds in the new shape. c. reduces the swelling cause by the alkalinity d. increases the rate at which the perm solution absorbs into the hair	C. reduces the swelling caused by the alkalinity Neutralizer reduces the swelling caused by the alkalinity of the perm solution (or reforming lotion) and hardens the bonds in the new shape.
Hair density does not always correspond to which of the following? a. color b. texture c. porosity d. elasticity	B. texture Remember that hair density does not always match hair texture. Hair with a fine texture can be very dense (thick) or not very dense (thin). It also means that hair with a coarse texture can be thick or thin.
During a chemical relaxer procedure, if the hair is tested with the back of the comb and there is a minimal amount of indentation, or fi the curl pattern reverts or beads, what step may be required? a. blotting the hair b. rinsing immediately c. applying neutralizer d. additional smoothing	D. additional smoothing The second step is to press the back of the comb against the scalp area to determine the degree of relaxation. If a minimal amount of indentation occurs, and the curl pattern reverts or "beads", additional smoothing may be required depending upon the desired results.
When using the double paper technique the first end paper is positioned under the strand past the ends of the hair, and the second paper is placed on top of the strand and: a. near the scalp b. next to the scalp c. slightly past the first end paper d. lined up exactly with the bottom paper	C. slightly past the first end paper
One cause of breakage in the nape after a relaxer service is due to: a. improper rinsing b. lack of sensitivity c. improper formulation d. insufficient moisture content	A. improper rinsing
Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. hair that has been colored cannot be permed b. avoid perming damaged hair that shows breakage c. do not perm hair if there are scalp abrasions present d. never perm hair that has been treated with sodium hydroxide	A. hair that has been colored cannot be permed
Why should brushing the hair before any chemical service be avoided? a. prevents scalp irritations b. increases static electricity c. causes the cuticle to flatten d. increases excretion of sebum	A. prevents scalp irritations
The more porous the hair is: a. the more elastic it is b. the more coarse it is c. the less resistant it is to absorbing perm solution d. the more resistant it is to absorbing per solution	C. the less resistant it is to absorbing perm solution
Which of the following is NOT true about acid perms? a. better for fragile hair b. slower processing time c. creates soft, natural curls d. better for use on resistant hair	D. better for use on resistant hair
After completing a service it is important to update the client's: a. record card b. release form c. consultation form d. home care products	A. record card
To protect previously treated hair from the chemical product when performing a relaxer retouch service, what should be applied? a. powder b. alkaline product c. protective cream d. neutralizing product	C. protective cream
Before perming, determine if the hair has been tinted, bleached, highlighted/frosted or: a. conditioned b. set in pincurls c. previously permed d. cut in the past month	C. previously permed
Water left in the end papers after rinsing the perm solution will dilute the neutralizer and: a. crimp the curl ends b. weaken the curl formation c. create a crease in the hair d. cause the curl to be tighter	B. Weaken the curl formation
The alkalinity of cold waves causes the hair fiber to soften and: a. swell b. shrink c. become brittle d. become acidic	A. Swell
Which of the following descriptions identifies the end paper placement for the bookend technique used during perm wrapping? a. one end paper on top b. one end paper folded in half c. two end papers folded in half d. two end papers, one on top and one on the bottom	B. One end paper folded in half
WHich tool position results in no curl at the scalp and minimal degree of volume? a. on base b. off base c. half-off base d. underdirected	B. off base
Prior to performing a preliminary test curl, hair should be shampooed and: a. left wet b. air dried c. thermally dried d. gently towel-dried	D. gently towel-dried
Overprocessed hair could be indicated by hair that is: a. oily b. shiny c. curly when wet and frizzy when dry d. frizzy when wet and curly when dry	C. curly when wet and frizzy when dry
How far from the scalp should a virgin relaxer be applied? a. 1/4" to 1/2" b. 3/4" to 1" c. 1 1/4" to 1 1/2" d. 1 3/4" to 2 1/2"	A, 1/4" to 1/2"
Virgin relaxers may be applied away from the scalp because body heat will: a. cause it to melt b. cause it to harden c. diffuse it throughout the air d. allow it to spread upward towards the scalp	D. allow it to spread upward towards the scalp
With concave rods the hair on both ends must travel farther than the hair in the center to make one complete turn around the rod, creating a: a. larger, looser curl in the center b. narrow curl throughout the strand c. consistent curl throughout the strand d. wider and more spiraling pattern on the ends	D. wider and more spiraling pattern on the ends
What should be applied to the hair to restore protein or moisture lost during a chemical process? a. mousse b. cholesterol c. harrier cream d. protein and/or moisturizing conditioner	D. protein and/or moisturizing conditioner
When performing a alkaline wave on a client, thioglycolate is joined with what ingredient to create a waving lotion? a. ammonia b. sodium bromate c. sodium hydroxide d. hydrogen peroxide	A. ammonia
Virgin thio relaxers may be applied after all of the following EXCEPT: a. a light shampoo b. a vigorous shampoo c. an analysis of hair and scalp b. a strand test and a n elasticity test	B. a vigorous shampoo
Skipping rods when applying perm solution could cause: a. breakage b. frizziness c. loss of all curl d. inconsistent curl formation	D. inconsistent curl formation
Zonal patterns, or partial patterns, are designed to: a. curl only the ends b. produce only weak ends c. avoid splits in a final design d. position new texture only where it is desired	D. position new texture only where it is desired.
What is the most likely cause of under-processed hair? a. rodes too small for the desired curl b. hair wrapped to tightly around rods c. perm solution left on the hair too long d. perm solution not left on the hair long enough	D. perm solution not left on the hair long enough
Which of the following chemicals is NOT one of the main ingredients found in most neutralizers? a. potassium b. sodium bromate c. sodium perborate d. hydrogen peroxide	A. potassium
Which of the following conditions determines the processing time and proper relaxer strength to use? a. natural hair color b. length of the hair c. how soon hair will be cut d. texture, elasticity and porosity	D. texture, elasticity and porosity
Which of the following descriptions is NOT a basic relaxer service? a. acid b. virgin c. zonal d. curl diffusion	A. acid
What product should NOT be applied to hair that has been previously permed with ammonium thioglycolate? a. neutralizer b. conditioner c. metallic salts d. sodim hydroxide	D. sodium hydroxide
During a curl reforming service, what size parting should be used? a. wider than normal b. thinner than normal c. twice as wide as normal d. three times as wide as normal	C. twice as wide as normal
Which type of perm rod would be used to achieve uniform curls? a. curved b. convex c. straight d. concave	C. straight
When performing a metallic test, immerse at least 20 strands of hair in the prepared mixture for: a. 5 minutes b. 10 minutes c. 15 minutes d. 30 minutes	D. 30 minutes
In addition to tension and perm solution what do acid waves use to perform the processing action? a. heat b. cold c. drying d. alkalininity	A. heat
To create the most volume, which tool position should be used? a. on base b. off base c. half-off base d. underdirected	A. on base
Which relaxer strength would be sued on healthy, color-treated, fine-textured or porous hair? a. mild b. super c. regular d. resistant	A. mild
What could be the cause of weak or limp curls? a. client's mood b. overprocessing c. under-processing d. using rods that are too small	C. under-processing
Rearrangers are used during a curl reformation process to reduce the natural curl. What is the main ingredient found in rearrangers? a. hydrogen peroxide b. sodium hydroxide c. ammonium thioglycolate d. glycerol monothioglycolate	A. hydrogen peroxide
Hair is generally referred to as fine, medium or coarse when analyzing which of the following classifications? a. texture b. density c. porosity d. elasticity	A. texture
If perm solution come in contact with the client's eyes or skin, which of the following actions should be taken? a. cover the eye with a bandage b. rinse thoroughly with hot water c. rinse thoroughly with cool water d. cover the eye with a warm towel	C. rinse thoroughly with cool water
What is applied to a client's hairline prior to a perm service to protect the skin? a. ammonia b. neutralizer c. perm solution d. barrier (protective) cream	D. barrier (protective) cream
The size of the base and the angle at which the hair is projected while wrapping determined the: a. roller size b. base control c. tool position d. curl formation	C. tool position
What is the optimum percent of natural curl pattern to remove when relaxing? a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 85%	D. 85%
The type of relaxer service performed only in selected areas of the head is known as a retouch relaxer service. True or False	B. False A partial relaxer is a virgin relaxer applied only to selected areas of the head.
It is not necessary to blot the hair after rinsing and before neutralizing because the excess water left in the strands helps with the neutralizing process. True or False	False Blotting is a very important step because excess water left in the strands dilutes the neutralizer and results in incomplete rebonding.
The perm pattern that positions tools in a staggered configuration to help avoid splits between the bases is the contour pattern. True or False	False Bricklay pattern positions tools in a staggered configuration. This wrapping pattern can move in any direction and is chosen to avoid splits in a design
The chemical phase of relaxing consists of smoothing/combing the hair and timing and testing the process. True or False	False The physical phase of relaxing consists of smoothing/combing the hair and timing and testing the process.
The most commonly used base control is on base. True or False	False the most commonly used base control is half-off base.
Base control depends largely on the size of the base in relation to the diameter of the tool, and to the position of the tool in relation to the base. True or False	True
Texture and lift only at the base of the hair strand can be achieved through base perming. True or False	True
Compression bases are smaller than 2x and the perm tool is positioned within the base. True or False	False larger than 2x; tool is positioned withing the base; for creating more texture at ends, less at base
The two major steps of the chemical phase of perming are processing and distributing. True or False	False The basic steps of the chemical phase include: -Applying perm solution -Setting timer/taking test curl -rinsing -blotting -Applying neutralizer -Removing rods -rinsing _
The two major types of relaxer chemicals are sodium hydroxide and ammonium thioglycolate. True or False	True
Alkaline perms are applied without heat. True or False	True
During a virgin thermal reconditioning service, the product is applied 1/8th of an inch (.3 cm) from the scalp area. True or False	False During a virgin thermal reconditioning service, the product is applied 1 cm away from the scalp area.
When performing a test for metallic salts, if the hair strands lighten quickly , the the hair contains lead. True or False	True
To create strong wave patterns, use an alternating oblong perm pattern. True or False	True
Density refers to the number of hair follicles per square inch. True or False	True
With half-off base control, the perm tool will be positioned half on its base and half off its base, directly on the lower parting. True or False	True
The more porous the hair, the more resistant it is to absorb the perm solution. True or False	False The more porous the hair, the more absorbent the hair is.
The most common type of end paper technique is the single-paper technique. True or False	False Double-flat end paper technique is the most common end paper technique because it allows you maximum control of tapered ends and avoids bunching the ends.
Concave perm rods produce curls or waves that are uniform throughout the hair strands. True or False	False Concave rods produce a smaller tighter curl in the center. This difference creates the wider and more spiraling pattern on the ends of the rod.
Spreading the chemical relaxer through the hair with the spine or back of a comb as it processes is called smoothing. True or False	True
Elasticity refers to the ability of the hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals. True or False	False Elasticity refers to the ability of the hair to be stretched and return to its normal shape Porosity refers to the ability of the hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals.
During a curl reformation procedure, in order to reduce the hair's natural curl, a perm solution is applied to the hair. True or False	False In the first step, reduction, the natural curl is reduced by applying a product known as a rearranger.
To perform the croquignole technique, the hair is rotated around a tool from the ends of the hair straight up to the base, overlapping itself with each revolution. True or False	True
The length of the base is usually determined by the diameter of the perm tool being used. True or False	False The length of the base is usually determined by the length of the perm tool being used.
Heat is sometimes required for alkaline perms, but generally not for acid perms. True or False	False Alkaline with no heat acid with heat
Clients with wavy hair have an oval-shaped hair follicle. True or False	True
A virgin relaxer service is performed on natural, untreated hair and will straighten the hair form 85% to 100% of the original curl pattern. True or False	True
Refer to pg 15 in Perms and relaxer chapter for image questions	Not able to upload image

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