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Description
Flashcards by E.M. Flood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by E.M. Flood
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| When did the Minoans thrive? | 2600 - 1500 BC |
| Where did the Minoans live? | Island of Crete |
| They are not Greek but come from a _____, & are said to have come _____. | Greek province; Asia Minor |
| The Minoans gained great wealth through _____ with _____ & _____. | trade; Egypt; Syria |
| The Minoans were famous for their _____, _____, & _____. | ship-building; great structures; palaces |
| What did the Minoans trade? | ivory, pottery, metals |
| What did the Minoans accomplish? | Controlled Aegean and Mediterranean sea, transported goods to other ports, created Linear A |
| What is Linear A? | Writing that is horizontal rather than vertical |
| How many lived in the city of Knossos? | 10,000 |
| Name other facts about Knossos? | • built a magnificent palace & pottery • King Minos had Minotaur in labyrinth underneath palace |
| Why did the Minoans fall? | No one knows for sure. Theories include tsunamais, earthquakes, invaded by Mycenaeans. |
| When did the Mycaeans thrive? | 1600 - 1000 BC |
| Who were the Mycenaeans? | 1st to speak Greek language, lived on Greek mainland |
| How many lived in the biggest city, Mycenae? | 30,000 |
| Mycenae would later be the foundation of what city? | Athens |
| What was city life like in Mycenacaea? | 1st leaders were kings, central palace built on hill, slaves/farmers lived on outskirts of town, huge stonewalls protect cities |
| What was culture like for a Mycenaean? | • Traded heavily with Minoans/took many ideas • Copied ship/bronze making techniques • Used sun/stars to navigate seas • Traded with Egypt • Worshiped Earth Mother Goddess • Warriors wore huge boar tusk on helmet |
| What were burials like in Mycenae? | • They were very important - made lavish coffins and tombs • Buried with gold masks, swords, daggers, stone |
| Why did they collapse? | No one is sure. After they collapsed Greek fell into a Dark Age until 800 BC. |
| Who wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey? | Homer |
| What are The Iliad and The Odyssey? What are they about? | two epic poems; • The Iliad: the story of the siege of Troy, Trojan War and Paris' kidnapping of Helen • The Odyssey: Picks up after the fall of Troy |
| What was Apollo the Greek god of? Why was he important? | • Music, poetry, prophecy, medicine, light, archery • Patron of Delphi; could see into future; was deadly with bow & arrows |
| What was Zeus the Greek god of? Why was he important? | • Sky & thunder • Married to Hera • King of the gods |
| What was Poseidon the Greek god of? Why was he important? | • God of ocean, bodies of water, sailors, & fishermen • Had control over ocean/storms/earthquakes • created the horse |
| What was Athena the Greek goddess of? Why was she important? | • Goddess of wisdom, skills, inventions, strategic war • Created olive branch, patron of Athens, Parthenon made for her |
| What was Artemis the Greek goddess of? Why was she important? | • Goddess of the hunt, wilderness, moon, archery • Perfect archery aim, one of friends is hunter Orion, spends time in forest surrounded by animals |
| What was Hermes the Greek god of? Why was he important? | • God of thievery and tricksters • Messenger of the Gods, fastest of the gods and helped dead to Underworld |
| What was Hera the Greek goddess of? Why was she important? | • Goddess of women, marriage, & childbirth • Married to Zeus, helped women for protection in childbirth, good health, aid in marriages • Power over skies |
| What was the importance of Greek temples? | • Were places where, on special occasions, religion took a more formal tone • Were gods were worshipped with sacrifices and rituals, and all major Greek ceremonies were held by priests |
| Name at least 5 traits about Sparta different than Athens? | • Oligarchy • The economy depended on agriculture • All boys taught in military, girls taught arts • Disliked new ideas/arts • Women had more power than in Athens |
| Name at least 5 traits about Athens different than Sparta? | • The economy depended on agriculture • Democratic • Economy depended on agriculture & trade • Boys taught arts, girls taught domestic skills • Free & open debate among citizens • Women had no power |
| What are at least five similarities between Athens and Sparta? | • Women not considered citizens • Valued independence • Slaves did a lot of the work • Believed in the same gods • Major powers of the time |
| What is an oligarchy? | All power held by a few persons or in a dominant class |
| What is a direct democratic? | Citizens rule directly rather than through representatives. However, only men over age 20 with military training could vote. |
| Who was Aristotle? | • Studied motion/time • Invented formal logic • "Father of Western Philosophy" • Created entire branch of philosophy • Established his own school |
| Who was Leonidas? | • Became king of Sparta when older half-brother died • In 480 BC prevented Persian invasion in Battle of Thermopylae • Known for bravery and willingness to die for his home |
| Who was Archimedes? | • Math genius • Studied reflection of mirrors and it's said he used them to burn boats • Father astronomer • Created form of calculus • Many energy-making facilities use his research |
| Who was Hippocrates? | • Admired as physician/teacher • 60 medical writings have survived • Hippocratic Oath: ethical code to follow while being physician • First to believe that medical conditions were natural causes • Schools proclaim him as inspiration |
| Who was Aristarchus? | • Astronomer/mathematician • Discovered earth circles on own axis & revolves around sun • Laid foundation as to how universe is laid out • Father of Astronomy |
| Who was Aristophanes? | • Best known for play "Lysistrata" • Wrote many comedic plays • Used emotions in plays in actors |
| Who was Pythagoras? | • Discovered "Pythagorean Theorem" • Established a school for his followers • One of first people to study properties of numbers, relationships, and patterns they produce • Philosopher, astronomer, music theorist, geometer |
| Who was Socrates? | • Devoted himself for philosophy for many years • Famous for philosophy and his books • Attacked people's ways of thinking as they shifted back into old ideas • Tried to establish ethical system on human choice rather than theological doctrine |
| Who was Alexander the Great? | • Had wealthiest and largest empire ever, allowing Hellenistic culture to spread to the east • Founded many cities • Took over Greece, Asia Minor, Persia |
| Who was involved in the Battle of Thermopylae? | Darius' son Xerxes, new king of Persia & 300 Spartan men led by King Leonidas |
| Why was the Battle of Thermopylae fought? | To avoid the Persians from conquering Greece. Persia wanted Greece as a gateway to soon conquering Europe. |
| Why was the Battle of Thermopylae important? | It was the crucial point that decided whether the Greek city-states would fall to Persia |
| What is the Parthenon? | • Largest Doric Greek temple on the Acropolis • Functioned as religious center of Athens • Embodiment of Athenian wealth and political dominance in Greece |
| What is the Acropolis? | • Here were held religious festivals & several decisive government events • Place were people of Athens could retreat to if under attack • Monuments are symbols of classical civilization that have influenced art for many centuries |
| What is the Theatre at Epidarus? | • Regarded as best preserved ancient theater in Greece • Distinguished for its architectural symmetry & great acoustics • Used to entertain up to 15,000 |
| What is the Greek Column? | • Corinthian was the most ornate, slender, sleek of three Greek orders • Used to decorate wealthy buildings • Characterized by leafy designs • Showed advanced architecture done by Greeks |
| List +4 reasons why Greece declined | • Alexander the Great • The rise of Rome • Poorer classes rebelled against the wealthy aristocracy • Series of weak leaders • City-states had shifting alliances/governments |
| List +4 legacies Greece are known for | • First introduced idea of a democracy • Architecture • Invented western drama and ideas of comedy/tragedy • History's greatest philosophers • Many advancements in science/technology • Olympic Games (loved athletics) • Art heavily influenced western art |
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