17540217
Description
Flashcards by Noor Shoukri, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Noor Shoukri
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is definition of a "DBC"? | DBC stands for "Diagnose-Behandel Combinatie" which is related to the term Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG). |
| What is the difference between cost-price and tariffs? | A cost-price provides the value of a good or service which involves all the costs necessary to produce this item. A tariff, on the other hand is a maximum price set by the State of Health Insurance Company. |
| What is transfer pricing? | Transfer pricing is an accounting practice that refers to the setting of prices of goods and services that are exchanged among the subsidiary, affiliate or commonly controlled companies (or legal entities) that are part of the same larger enterprise. |
| What is output pricing? | Output pricing uses a fixed price for every output and defines a fixed rate for the final outputs or “deliverables” of the service. |
| What are the main methods of cost-price calculation? | The main methods of cost-price calculation are: 1. Absorption costing 2. Marginal costing 3. Differential costing |
| What are the types of costs that can be classified according to their behavior? | Types of costs 1. Fixed costs (e.g. salary of staff) 2. Variable costs (e.g. drugs, appliances) 3. Semi-variable costs (e.g. telephone bills, utilities) 4. Stepped costs (e.g. rentals, equipment, machinery) |
| What is the difference between direct, indirect and overhead costs? | 1. Direct costs involve costs of resources used directly by the service. 2. Indirect costs involve costs provided by support units. 3. Overhead cost are not incurred directly from providing care but are mainly necessary to support the organization. |
| What are the methods for allocating the indirect costs? | Methods for allocating indirect costs are: 1. Surcharge (%) 2. Production centered (Department) 3. Equal Indirect Costs (Volumes) |
| What is a budget? | A budget is a multi-part (operating) plan, with the costs expected by a set of activities and the revenues that are expected to cover these costs. |
| What is the role of a budget? And why is it used? | Its role is to indicate management’s objectives and how to obtain and use resources to achieve objectives. It can be used as a tool to relate planned resource consumption within a period of time. |
| What types of budgets are included in the Master budget? | There are three types of budget included in the master budget namely: 1. Statistics Budget (Expected production volume) 2. Operating Budget (Expenses & Revenues) 3. Financial Budget (Cash & Capital) |
| What are the types of budgetting approaches? | Budget can be have the following approaches: 1. Flexible approach (incremental budgetting, zero-based budgetting) 2. Fixed approach (negotiative budgetting, evaluative budgetting) |
| What are the four part of the budgetting proces? | The four part of the budgetting proces are: 1. Planning the budget 2. Reviewing the budget 3 Implementing the budget 4. Evaluating the budget |
| What is a variance analysis? | A type of analysis which is carried out with the aim to compare standard costs, quantity and prices with actual costs, quantity and prices. This is done in order to identify the reasons behind the difference between the total budgeted amount and the total actual expenses. |
| What are the types of categories available to help distinguish budget types. | Broadly speaking, there are 5 types of categories to distinguish the forms of budget: 1. Types of Forcasts 2. Budgeting Period 3. Level of Details 4. Model of Budgetting 5. Level of Flexibility |
| What is the importance of an internal budget? | The internal budget has important features, namely: 1. It forces managers to set priorities and make commitments. 2. It provides information on expected income/expenses. 3. It forewarns of potential shortfalls in the resources. 4. It allows managers to analyse efficiency. |
| What type of variances are part of the analysis? | There are three types of variances, namely: 1. Volume variance 2. Price variance 3. Efficiency variance |
| What is a capital investment? | Capital investments are a sum of money provided to a company to further its business objectives, but can also refer to a company's acquisition of long-term assets such as real estate, manufacturing plants, and machinery. |
| Why are investments important for an organization? | Investments can be important to: - Achieving organization objectives (e.g. improved access, quality). - Achieving financial objectives (e.g. cost recovery, profit size). - Attracting new financial resources; an organization only gets investments if their position is advantageous (e.g. from investors /the state). |
| Which six steps are required to make an investment analysis decision. | 1. Identify the need for investment 2. Identify investment alternatives 3. Identify basic investment features 4. Evaluate alternatives using investment features 5. Select an alternative based on outcomes. 6. Identify suitable funding sources. |
| What types of methods are available for selecting an investment option? | There are two distinct types of methods to select an investment decision: 1. Static Method (e.g. Payback Method, Accounting Rate of Return) 2. Dynamic Method (e.g. Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return). |
| Why is Health Technology Assessments less relevant for Hospital Administrators and Managers? | 1. Timeline and perspective of HTA-studies vary to a great extent; lifetime perspective vs. short term can both be valid. 2. The budget impact is neglected in HTA. 3. HTA calculates integral cost vs. hospital managers who want the marginal cost. |
| What is a mini-HTA? | A form or a checklist with several questions concerning the prerequisites for and consequences of using (new) health technology. |
| What are some of the pros and cons of using a mini-HTA? | + Mini-HTA include all the aspect of HTA. + Form checklist is a helpful tool. + The tool is flexible, open & includes timing. - Insufficient evaluation of the evidence. - Lack of quality control. - No guidelines/regulations establishing who should carry out a mini-HTA. |
| What are the four types of Hospital based HTA models (HbHTA)? | |
| What is the purpose of a Budget Impact Analysis (BIA)? | The purpose of a BIA is to estimate the financial consequences of adoption and diffusion of a new healthcare intervention within a specific healthcare setting or system context given inevitable resource constraints. |
| What are the steps included in a BIA? And what are the pros & cons vs. doing a traditional HTA |
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