17674134
Description
Flashcards by Γιάννης Ακριτίδης, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Γιάννης Ακριτίδης
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Entamoeba histolytica | Invasive form: Quadrinucleate cyst Pathogenic form: Trophozoite Mode of infection: Per os Host: Human Localization in host: Lumen of colon Life Cycle: [Mature Cyst] - [Excystation (metacyst)] - [(metacyclic) Trophozoite] - [Precystic stage] - [Uninucleate cyst] - [Binucleate cyst] - [Mature cyst] |
| Trypanosoma gambiense | Invasive form: Metacyclic trypomastigote Pathogenic form: Trypomastigote Mode of infection: Vector transmission Definitive host: Human Localization in host: In blood, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph nodes Life cycle: human- [Metacyclic trypomastigote] - [Bloodstream trypomastigote] - tsetse fly - [Procyclic trypomastigote] - [Epimastigote] - [Metacyclic trypomastigote] |
| Trypanosoma cruzi | Invasive form: Metacyclic trypomastigote Pathogenic form: Amastigote Mode of infection: - Contamination, through mucosal surfaces, per cutis, transplacental, blood transfusion Definitive host: Human Localization in host:Lymph nodes, liver, spleen Life cycle: human - [Metacyclic trypomastigote] - [Amastigote] - [Trypomastigote] - reduviid bugs - [Epimastigote] - [Metacyclic trypomastigote] |
| Leishmania donovani | Invasive form: Promastigote Pathogenic form: Amastigote Invasive strategy: Bite from sandfly, transplacental Definitive host: Human, dog Localization in definitive host: Liver, spleen, bone marrow, macrophages Life cycle: human - [Promastigote] - [Amastigote] - sandfly - [Promastigote] |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | Invasive form: Trophozoite (no cyst stage) Pathogenic form: Trophozoite Mode of infection: Sexual transmission Definitive host: Human Localization: Vagina, cervix, urethra Life cycle: [Trophozoite] |
| Giardia lamblia | Invasive form: Cyst Pathogenic form: Trophozoite Mode of infection: Oral contaminated food – ingestion of cysts Definitive host: Human Localization in definitive host: Duodenum & jejunum Life cycle: [Cyst] - [Trophozoites] - [Cyst] |
| Balantidium coli | Invasive form: Cyst Pathogenic form: Trophozoite Mode of infection: Per os Host: Humans, pigs Localization in host: Lumen of colon Life cycle: [Cyst] - [Excystment] - [Trophozoite] - [Cyst] |
| Plasmodium spp. | Invasive form: Sporozoites Mode of infection: Skin, Vector, Blood Definitive host: Female anopheles mosquito Localization: Salivary glands of mosquito Intermediate host: Human Life cycle: mosquito - [Gametocytes] - [Macrogamete/Microgamete] - [Oocyst] - [Ookinete] - [Zygote] - [Sporozoites] - human - [Merozoite] - [Ring] - [Trophozoite] - [Schizont] - [Merozoites] - [Ring] - [Gametocytes] |
| Toxoplasma gondii | Invasive form: Oocyst with sporozoites, Tissue cyst with bradyzoites Mode of infection: Ingestion of undercooked infected meat, contamination of food/drink with infected cat faeces, transplacental, blood transfusion/organ transplantation Definitive host: Domestic & wild cats Localization: Intestine Life cycle: [Cat] - [Fecal Oocysts] - [Mouse/bird/pig/sheep/food/water/blood] - [Tissue Cysts] - [Cat] |
| Fasciola hepatica | Invasive form: Metacercaria on water plant Pathogenic form: Adult fluke Mode of infection: Per os, by contaminated grass, food Definitive host / localization: Human, sheep (biliary tract or liver) Life cycle: [unembryonated eggs] - [embryonated eggs] - [miracidia] - [sporocysts] - [rediae] - [cercariae] - [encystation] - [metacercariae] - [excystation] - [adult] -[unembryonated eggs] |
| Dicrocoelium dentriticum | Invasive form: Metacercaria in slime ball Pathogenic form: Adult fluke Mode of infection: Per os, by ingested ants Definitive host / localization: Sheep, cow, goat, human (biliary tract or liver) Life cycle: [embryonated eggs] - [miracidia] - [sporocysts] - [cercariae] - [metacercariae in ants] - [cow/man] - [adult] - [embryonated eggs] |
| Opisthorchis felineus | Invasive form: Metacercaria in fish Pathogenic form: Adult fluke Mode of infection: Per os, raw fish Definitive host / localization: Cat, human (liver, pancreas) Life cycle: [embryonated eggs] - [miracidia] - [sporocysts] - [rediae] - [cercariae] - [metacercariae in fish] - [human] - [excystation] - [adult] - [embryonated eggs] |
| Schistosoma spp. | Invasive form: Furcocercous cercaria Pathogenic form: Adult fluke Mode of infection: Per cutis, skin penetration Definitive host / localization: Human (h,j,m), monkey (h,m), (venules of urinary bladder (h)),(venules of intestine wall (j,m)) Life cycle: [eggs] - [miracidia] - [sporocysts] - [cercariae] - [human] - [schistosomulae] - [adults] - [eggs] |
| Diphyllobothrium latum | Invasive form: Plerocercoid Pathogenic form: Adult worm Mode of infection: Per Os (uncooked fish) Definitive host / localization: Human, bear, dog, cat, fox,pig, seal Life cycle: [unembryonated eggs] - [embryonated eggs] - [coracidia] - [procercoid larvae] - [plerocercoid larva] - [scolex] - [adult] - [eggs] |
| Taenia solium | Invasive form: Cysticercus cellulosae, eggs Pathogenic form: Adult worm Mode of infection: Per Os (uncooked meat) Definitive host / localization: Human (Small intestine) Life cycle: [eggs] - [oncospheres] - [cysticerci] - [scolex] - [adult] - [eggs] |
| Taenia saginata | Invasive form: Cysticercus bovis Pathogenic form: Adult worm, Cysticercus Mode of infection: Per Os (uncooked meat) Definitive host / localization: Human (Internal organs, brain, eyes, small intestine) Life cycle: [eggs] - [oncospheres] - [cysterci] - [scolex] - [adult] - [eggs] |
| Echinococcus granulosus | Invasive form: Egg with hexacanth embryo Pathogenic form: Hydatid cyst Mode of infection: Per os, with contaminated food and fingers Definitive host / localization: Dog, other canine carnivora – fox, wolf, jackal (jejunum and duodenum) Life cycle: [adult] - [embryonated egg] - [oncosphere] - [hydatid cyst] - [protoscolex] - [scolex] - [adult] |
| Hymenolepis nana | Invasive form: Egg with hexacanth embryo, cysticercoid Pathogenic form: Adult worm Mode of infection: Per Os Definitive host / localization: Human (Small intestine) Life cycle: [embryonated eggs] - [cysticercoid] - [intestinal villus] - [scolex] - [adult] - [eggs] |
| Ascaris lumbricoides | Invasive form: Egg with rhabditiform larva Pathogenic form: Adult worm and migrating larvae Mode of infection: Ingestion of eggs Definitive host / localization: Man Adult form – small intestine Life cycle: [adult] - [fertilized egg] - [rhabditiform larva] - [intestinal mucosa] - [portal vessels] - [liver] - [hepatic vein] - [inferior vena cava] - [right heart] - [lungs] - [lung capillaries] - [alveoli] - [throat] -[adult] |
| Enterobius vermicularis | Invasive form: Embryonated egg Pathogenic form: Adult form Mode of infection: Ingestion of eggs Definitive host / localization: Man Caecum Life cycle: [eggs with larvae] - [embryonated eggs] - [larvae] - [adults] - [eggs] |
| Trichuris trichiura | Invasive form: Egg with rhabditiform larva Pathogenic form: Adult form Mode of infection: Ingestion of eggs contaminated with food or water Definitive host / localization: Man Caecum Life cycle: [unembryonated eggs] - [2-cell stage] - [advanced cleavage] - [embryonated eggs] - [larvae] - [adults] - [unembryonated eggs] |
| Trichinella spiralis | Invasive form: Encysted larvae in muscles Pathogenic form: Adult form and larva Mode of infection: Consumption of raw or undercooked pork Definitive host / localization: Pig, man Adult form – small intestine Life cycle: [encysted larvae] - [larvae] - [adults] - [larva deposited in mucosa] - [encysted larva] |
| Ancylostoma duodenale | Invasive form: L3 larva – filariform larva Pathogenic form: Larva and adult Mode of infection: Skin transmission Definitive host / localization: Man Adult form – small intestine Life cycle: [eggs] - [rhabdtiiform larva] - [filariform larva] - [skin] - [adults] - [eggs] |
| Strongyloides stercoralis | Invasive form: L3 larva – filariform larva Pathogenic form: Larva and adult Mode of infection: Skin transmission Definitive host / localization: Man (dogs, cats) Adult form – mucosa of small intestine Life cycle: [rhabditiform larvae] - [free-living adult worms] - [eggs] - [rhabditiform larvae] - [infective filiriform larvae] - [circulatory system] - [lungs] - [alveoli] - [trachea] - [pharynx] - [small intestine] - [adults] - [eggs] - [rhabditiform larvae] |
| Wuchereria bancrofti | Invasive form: L3 larva – filariform larva Pathogenic form: Adult form Mode of infection: Vector transmission (by mosquito bite) Definitive host / localization: Man Adult form – lymphatic system, lymph nodes Life cycle: human - [L3 larvae] - [adult] - [microfilariae] - mosquito - [L1 larvae] - [L3 larvae] |
| Dracunculus medinensis | Invasive form: L3 larva – filariform larva Pathogenic form: Adult form Mode of infection: Ingestion of Cyclops with larvae by contaminated water Definitive host / localization: Man Subcutaneous tissue of legs, arms, back Life cycle: [L3 larvae] - [mature larvae] - [fertilized female worm] - [L1 larvae] - [L3 larvae] |
| Argasidae (soft tick) | Larva → nymphs (2-6) → imago (adult) |
| Ixodidae (hard tick) | Larva → nymph → imago |
| Sarcoptes scabiei | Egg → larva → nymph → adult |
| Pediculus humanus capitis | Egg → (1-3) nymph → adult |
| Phtirius pubis | Egg → (1-3) nymph → adult |
| Pulex irritans | Complete metamorphosis Egg → larvae → larvae from pupae → adult |
| Reduviid Bugs | Hemimetabolous development (incomplete metamorphosis) Egg → (1-5) nymphal instar. → adult |
| • Anopheles • Culex • Aedes | Eggs -> larva -> pupa -> imago (adult form) |
| Phlebotomus papatasii | Complete metamorphosis Egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult |
| Glossina palpalis | Complete metamorphosis Female harbours fertilised eggs -> 4th stage larvae deposited -> adult fly |
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