1793192
Description
Flashcards by Erin Gamache, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Erin Gamache
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| James Madison | Bill of Rights Elected to the House of Reps Thought Bill of Right would secure anti-federalists support of the Constitution focused on amendments that would affirm human rights Democratic-Republican (individual independence) "liberty and equality" |
| George Washington | first President of US- made a lot of decisions defining the presidency No real election More of a federalist (approving Hamilton's plan) top issues: economic policy, controlling borders, foreign affairs Whiskey Rebellion-went out with military |
| Alexander Hamilton | Economic plan: strengthen the nation=strengthen the economy 1. raise money for current expenses (proposed Congress place a tariff on imported goods+foreign ships = The Tariff Act of 1789) 2. pay of debt from Revolution (gov't would assume all debt, then the gov't would give creditors new federal bonds that paid interest=wealthy had a literal investment in the success of nation) 3. creation of the National Bank (ensure stable currency + enable gov't to mobilize capital for development) 4. subsidized domestic manufacturing (create a commercial economy) This plan faced a lot of opposition from Democratic-Republicans (namely Madison and Jefferson) who believed the plan favored the interest of merchants/financiers and was against "the republic interest" |
| John Adams | Federalist Vice President to Washington, then successor |
| Thomas Jefferson | Democratic-Republican Secretary of State in Washington's Cabinet rejected Hamilton's plans Called for "strict constructionism" Jefferson's Administration: 1801 reduce the size of the fed. gov't (cut the army and navy budget) reduce national debt (repealed internal taxes, whiskey Tax) Louisiana Purchase from Napoleon (2X size of Nation) Embargo (due to England capturing American sailors) = hurt America |
| The War of 1812 | During James Madison's Administration in light of continuing British attacks on American shipping, Madison requested that Congress declare WAR! Attempt to invade Canada failed US navy overpowered by British Nothing really came out of the War The treaty: British agreed to remove troops from the Old Northwest |
| NOn-Intercourse Act | reopening trade with all of Europe except for England and France but authorizing the president to resume commerce with whichever of these countries dropped its restrictions/attacks on American ships France said they would stop if Britain would stop, Britain did not believe France. But Madison excepted France's offer and trade resumed with France. Madison then altered the Non-Intercourse Act to exclude only England from trade |
| The Market Revolution | apprenticeships and indenturing --> labor contracts and wage labor informal transactions--> formal contracts Longer-distance market exchange increased Less self-sufficient All changes enhanced by improvements in technology and transportation |
| John Brown (Harper's Ferry) | John Brown: a religious zealot convinced that his personal mission was to cleanse the nation of the sin of slavery Harper's Ferry (a small federal arsenal) Brown and 18 followers seized the armory Brown ordered his men to liberate slaves and take the slaveholders prisoner Found Colonel Lewis Washington and held him as hostage Then waited for slaves to raise up BUT none did :( |
| Fredrick Douglass | Born a slave at age 7, sent to Baltimore to become a skilled caulker at the shipyards, hired out his labor (giving $3 per week to his master) Escaped to New Bedford, MA Attended anti-slavery meetings Spoke at an Abolitionist Convention Met William Lloyd Garrison and traveled and spoke together As tensions grew between N and S, Douglass was able to enter mainstream politics (Republican Party) |
| Roger Taney and the Dred Scott decision | 1846- Scott sued his owner, claiming that several years of residence on free soil (in Illinois and Wisconsin) made him legally free Taney's decision: 1. argued that Dred Scott was not a citizen (thus did not have the right to sue) 2. ruled that slaves were property Decision undermined popular sovereignty and was suppose to put to bed the slavery issue |
| Compromise of 1850 | 5 separate Bills Purposed by Senator Stephen A. Douglas from Illinois 1. Admit California as a free state (anti-slavery and moderate congressmen) 2. Fugitive Slave Law 3. Settled Texas border 4. New Mexico and Utah entered Union under popular sovereignty 5. abolished slavery in Washington D.C. |
| Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 | took jurisdiction over fugitive slave cases away from Northern courts and gave it to federal commissioners violating the premise of all anti-slavery politics that slavery was merely local, whereas freedom was national Northern Black community feared new law ** Harriet Beecher Stowe was appalled and wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) featuring a runway slave (Eliza and Harry) North allowed violation of this new act |
| Wilmot Proviso | an amendment banning slavery in all the new territory acquired from the war with Mexico Goal was to preserve western lands for white settlement 4 positions: 1. anti-slavery northerners favored it 2. southerners (John C. Calhoun) argued that Congress had no right to interfere with property rights of slaveholders 3. wanted to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean 4. Popular Sovereignty (gave settlers the right to decide for themselves to allow slavery in the territory or not) ReSULT: fistfights in COngress! |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Work of Stephen A. Douglas Divided the Nebraska territory into 2 parts, Nebraska to the north and Kansas to the south and allowed each territory to decide based on popular sovereignty Douglas thought that Kansas would choose to be slave state and Nebraska would choose to be a free state. Changing viewpoints on Popular Sovereignty EFFECT: destroyed credibility of popular sovereignty split Democratic Party in 2 |
| Missouri Compromise 1820 | Missouri appealed for statehood James Tallmadge (NY) proposed 2 conditions: 1. no more slaves be brought into Missouri 2. Slavery was to be abolished in Missouri after admitted into the Union DIED IN THE SENATE Problem solved- Maine asks to join Missouri = slave Maine = free preserving balance in Senate |
| Fort Sumter 1861 | April 12, 1861 Confederates bombarded the fort to prevent its resupply by US gov't Union surrendered and the Civil War began |
| Secession | Confederate president Jefferson Davis: justified on the grounds of defending states' rights and property rights The North: held the Union sacred |
| King Cotton diplomacy | failed due to South's overestimation of England's dependence on American cotton |
| Draft Riots | Draft white men to fight for the emancipation of Blacks provoked anger among some northerners 1862- whites protesting the drift toward emancipation attacked leading Republicans and blacks |
| Manifest Destiny | Political slogan meaning that Americans wanted and would have the continent all the way to the Pacific Ocean |
| War with Mexic | After annexation of Texas 1845- Polk sent troops to Texas to "protect from invasion" ordered them to approach Rio Grande while also sending troops to the Northern disputed territory Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848- recognized the Rio Grande as the Texas border granted US the territory encompassing New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and California In return, US paid Mexico $15million and assumed war claims of American citizens |
| Henry Clay | anti-Jackson, defined his position as "Whiggish" (meant to remind people of the Whig who opposed royal tyranny in 1700s) National Republicans (in urban NE+upper west) = new Whig party Whig party did not last- loose and unorganized |
| William Lloyd Garrison | founded his own abolitionist newspaper, "The Liberator", in Boston 1831 In the first issue, he announced that he rejected all compromise with slavery Immediatism=meant not the immediate abolition of slavery but the immediate beginning of the process formed the New England Anti-Slavery Society |
| American Colonization Society (ACS) | 1816 a group of prominent national politicians, northerners, and slave owners (founders included Andrew Jackson, Francis Scott Key, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay) Believed African Americans could only succeed in Africa (due to the intense prejudice in America) Sent out first emigrant ship in 1820 to new colony in Liberia ACS signaled the waning support for a racially integrated republic |
| Immigration (in a nation of Nativists) | Robust economy drew increasing numbers of immigrants from Europe 1/3 of all immigrants were Irish Irish came to America very poor, and they were Catholic Men Worked in mills, built roadways, dredged river bottoms, and built canals Irish women did domestic work in middle-class households |
| Nat Turner | an African American driver and preacher Launched a rebellion: for 2 days Turner and followers controlled parts of southern Virginia. They recruited new allies, executed whites, and freed slaves Ultimately, Turner and other conspirators were executed EFFECT: Southern whites lived in a state of terror! Thinking that northerners and southern slaves were in a league against them |
| Nullification | Theory encouraged by John C. Calhoun, which says that states have the right to declare particular federal laws as null and void in their territory Calhoun argued for this in his "South Carolina Exposition and Protest" Steamed from Southern States' hatred of the Tariff of 1828, claiming that it was hurting the Southern economy, forcing them to buy from the North |
| The Monroe Doctrine | James Monroe: the policy that Britain could not interfere with the development of nations in the Western hemisphere US was now a peer to the European nations and to the Americas |
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