Canine Skeletal System

Question	Answer
Image: Skull (binary/octet-stream)	skull braincase made of flat bones, rest of skull made of irregular bones Image: Skull Labelled (binary/octet-stream)
Image: Atlas+(C1) (binary/octet-stream)	atlas (C1 vertebra) first vertebra in the spinal column, first vertebra in the cervical region note: all vertebrae are irregular bones
Image: Axis+(C2) (binary/octet-stream)	axis (C2 vertebra) second vertebra in the spinal column, second vertebra in the cervical region note: all vertebrae are irregular bones
Image: Cervical+(1 7) (binary/octet-stream)	cervical region of spine (C) 7 vertebrae (first two are atlas and axis); vertebra identification clue: bilateral transverse foramina on either side of vertebral foramen note: all vertebrae are irregular bones
Image: Thoracic+(1 13+12+13+Omitted) (binary/octet-stream)	thoracic region of spine (T) 13 vertebrae (this image omits T12-T13); T11 is the anticlinal vertebra where features begin to change; vertebra identification clue: prominent dorsal process note: all vertebrae are irregular bones
Image: Lumbar+(1 7) (binary/octet-stream)	lumbar region of spine (L) 7 vertebrae; vertebra identification clue: prominent transverse process note: all vertebrae are irregular bones
Image: Sacrum+(3) (binary/octet-stream)	sacrum/sacral region of spine (S) 3 fused vertebrae; connects to ilium at sacraliliac joint; vertebra identification clue: long due to fusion and six dorsal foramina note: all vertebrae are irregular bones
Image: Coccygeal+Or+Caudal (binary/octet-stream)	coccygeal/caudal region of spine (Cy/Cd) number of vertebrae varies based on tail length; vertebra identification clue: smallest and simplest vertebrae note: all vertebrae are irregular bones
Image: Scapulae (binary/octet-stream)	scapulae (singular: scapula) shoulder blade, flat bones; supraspinatus fossa on lateral cranial aspect, infraspinatus fossa on lateral caudal aspect; scapular spine is the prominent plate of bone running down lateral surface; acromion is the distal peak of the spine
Image: Humerus (binary/octet-stream)	humerus long bone of the proximal forelimb
Image: Radius+And+Ulna (binary/octet-stream)	radius (left, shorter bone) ulna (right, longer bone) long bones of the distal forelimb
Image: Forefoot+(Carpus,+Metacarpals,+Phylanges+1 5) (binary/octet-stream)	forefoot includes carpus (short bones), metacarpals (long bones), and proximal/middle/distal phylanges (long bones) Image: Forefoot+Diagram (binary/octet-stream)
Image: Ribs+(13) (binary/octet-stream)	ribs 26 flat bones that form the rib cage to surround the thorax (13 bilaterally); first 9 bones connected by cartilage to sternum ("true ribs"), #10-12 connected by cartilage to preceding rib ("false ribs"); #13 not connected ("floating rib")
Image: Pelvis (binary/octet-stream)	pelvis irregular bone ventral to sacrum; includes ilium (large portion dorsal to obturator foramina, connects to sacrum at sacroiliac joint), ischium (portion caudal and lateral to foramina), and pubis (portion cranial and medial to foramina)
Image: Femur (binary/octet-stream)	femur long bones of the proximal hindlimb, fits into pelvis at a ball-and-socket joint
Image: Ball+And+Socket+Joint (binary/octet-stream)	ball-and-socket joint partially spherical epiphysis lies in a socket, allowing multi-directional range of motion
Image: Patella (binary/octet-stream)	patellae (singular: patella) kneecap; sesamoid or "floating" bone embedded in a tendon
Image: Tibia+And+Fibula (binary/octet-stream)	tibia (larger bone) fibula (thinner bone) long bones of the distal hindlimb
Image: Hindfoot+(Tarsus,+Metatarsals,+Phylanges+1 5) (binary/octet-stream)	hindfoot includes tarsus (short bones), metatarsals (long bones), and proximal/middle/distal phylanges (long bones) Image: Hindfoot+Diagram (binary/octet-stream)
Image: Nail (binary/octet-stream)	nail (left) encases distal phalange (right)

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Canine Skeletal System

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	Created by Molly Alexander over 6 years ago