Flashcards
Psychology Flashcards
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1Lawsomething that happens without exception and has been established by
repeated testing - 2Theorya conceptual framework that explains existing observations (and the laws based on them)
and predicts new ones
OR
a set of propositions which summarise, organise and explain a variety of known facts - 3Hypothesisa working assumption, whose merit is to be evaluated. ideally based on evidence
- 4One-tailed hypothesisdirectional prediction, which specifies the nature of the relationship between the variables
- 5Two-tailed hypothesisnon-directional prediction, which only states that a relationship between two variables exists
- 6Independent VariableThe variable manipulated by the experimenter
- 7Dependent VariableThe selected behaviour which is measured to try to gauge the effect of the independent variable in an experimental design
- 8Confounding VariableOne or more variables not under the control of the experimenter that vary systematically with the IV
- 9Random (Extraneous/Nuisance) VariableThese are variables, other than the IV that can affect the DV
- 10Moderator Variablean additional variable which determines when the experimental variable does or
does not have an effect. Changes the relationship between the IV and DV - 11Counterbalancean arrangement of treatment conditions to neutralise practice effects and or the effects of fatigue
- 12Random Assignmentprocedure by which each subject has an equal probability of being assigned to each different treatment condition in an experiment.
- 13Observational StudyOccur in a natural setting not manipulating but learning and gathering data. + natural behaviour + no ethical concerns - relying on behavioural interpretation and then record it accurately - influencing behaviour they know they're being watched
e.g. observing a policy change - 14Case StudyIn-depth analysis using a combination of research techniques + intensive and large data - low generalisation e.g. Phineas Gage and his brain
- 15Surveys/QuestionnairesGathering info about people's attitudes opinions and behaviours. + quan and qual +large numbers/info quickly - issues in representation, sampling errors - no cause and effects
e.g. census - 16Correlational StudiesTrying to determine relationship or association between two events or variables that occur naturally. + quantify relationships +ethically sound - generalisation
e.g. age and marriage - 17True ExperimentExamines cause-and-effect relationships, controlling all aspects of the situation through manipulation. + establish causality + experimental control -need for replication
e.g. Langer and Rodin 1976 - 18Within Subjects DesignEach participant is measured under both the experimental and control conditions. + time efficient - carryover effect
- 19Between Subjects DesignEach subject/participant is randomly assigned to only one of the conditions + not contaminated by external factors - complex - needs a new group for every manipulation
- 20Matched Designused to exploit the advantages of both within and between subject designs. Different participant in each condition, but each pair is matched on one or more relevant characteristics.
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- Flashcards on Psychology Flashcards, created by Ash Srivastava on 20/11/2019.
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- Ash Srivastava
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