Flashcards
Geography Definitions
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1Define core and peripheryThe concept of a developed core surrounded by an undeveloped periphery. The concept can be applied at various scales
- 2Define Ecological FootprintThe theoretical measurement of the amount of land and water a population requires to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its waste under prevailing technology
- 3Define global climate changeThe changes in global patterns of rainfall and temperature, sea level and habitats and the incidence of drougb, floods and storms resulting from changes in the Earth's atmosphere, believe to be mainly caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect
- 4Define GNI (Gross National Income)The total value of goods and services produced within a country together with the balance of income and payments from or to other countries
- 5Define migrationThe movement of people, involving a change of residence. It can be internal or external, voluntary or forced and does not include temporary circulations such as commuting or tourism
- 6Define RemittancesTransfers of money and goods by foreign workers to their home countries
- 7Define soil degradationA severe reduction in the quality of solid (includes soil erosion, salinisation and soil exhaustion (loss of fertility)
- 8Define water scarcityPHYSICAL WATER SCARCITY: Water resource development is approaching or has exceeded unsustainable levels. Relates water availability to water demand and implies that arid areas are not necessarily water scarce
ECONOMIC WATER SCARCITY: Where water is available locally but not accessible for human, industrial or financial capital reasons - 9Define drainage basinThe area drained by a river and its tributaries
- 10Define drainage divide (watershed)The line defining the boundary of a river or stream drainage basin separating it from adjacent basins
- 11Define maximum sustainable yieldThe maximum level of extraction of water that can be maintained indefinitely for given areas
- 12Define wetlandsAreas that are regularly saturated by surface water or groundwater, including freshwater marshes, swamps and bogs
- 13Define disasterA major hazard event that causes widespread disruption to a community or region that the affected community is unable to deal with adequately without outside help
- 14Define hazardA threat (whether natural or human) that has the potential to cause loss of life, injury, property damage, socio-economic disruption or environmental degradation
- 15Define a hazard eventThe occurrence of a hazard, the effects of which change demographic, economic and/or environmental conditions
- 16Define riskThe probability of a hazard event causing harmful consequences (death/injury /property damage /economic problems / environmental issues)
- 17Define vulnerabilityThe suspect ability of a community to a hazard or to the impacts of a hazard event
- 18Define food milesA measure of the distance that food travels from its source to the consumer - can be given as actual distance or energy consumed during transport
- 19Define HALE (Health adjusted life expectancy)Based of life expectancy at birth, but includes adjustment for the time spent in poor health (due to disease/ injury) It is the equivalent number of years in full health that a newborn can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality
- 20Define a TNC (Transnational corporation)A firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment
- 21Define civil societyAny organisation or movement that works in the area between the household, the private sector and the state to negotiate matters of public concern
Civil societies contain NGOs, community groups, trade unions, academic institutions and faith- based organisations - 22Define cultural imperialismthe practice of promotion the culture/ language of one nation in another
It is usually the case that the former is large, economically or military powerful nation and the latter is a smaller, less affluent one - 23Define globalisationThe growing independence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and variety of cross-boarder transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows, and through the more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology
- 24Define globalisation indicesThe AT Kearney foreign policy index measures twelve variables, which are subdivided into four "baskets"
1. economic integration 2. personal contact 3. technology connectivity 4. political engagement. Nations are then ranked according to a calculated globalisation index
The KOF index measures three main dimensions of globalisation - economic, political and social. Nations are then ranked accordingly (designed by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology on a yearly basis) - 25Define glocalisationA term that was envenomed to emphasise that the globalisation of a product is more likely to succeed then the product or service is adapted specifically to each locality or culture in which it is marketed
- 26Define outsourcingThe concept of taking internal company functions and paying an outside firm to handle them
(done to save money, improve quality or free company resources for other technologies) - 27Define time- spacioconvergenceThe reduction in time taken to travel between two places due to improvements in transportation or communication technology
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- IB Others Flashcards on Geography Definitions, created by P H on 20/02/2015.
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- P H
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