2153518
Description
Flashcards by Hannah Spicer, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hannah Spicer
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Acid/base balance | maintenance of the normal pH within the body systems |
| Absorption | the movement of a fluid or a dissolved substance across a cell membrane, for example the soluble products of digestion pass through the mucus membrane of the small intestine into the blood stream. |
| Acromegaly | excess growth of bones after the epiphyses have closed, caused by excess secretion of growth hormone. |
| Actin | a contractile protein found in muscle Fibers |
| Active transport | the movement of molecules or ions through transport proteins across a cell membrane, against their concentration gradient. The process requires energy from ATP |
| Acute | a disease that has a rapid onset, short duration and pronounced clinical signs. |
| Ad libitum feeding | feeding performed with freedom. Sometimes called free-choice or Ad lib. |
| Additive | a substance purposely put into food to give a desirable characteristic (e.g. color, flavor, texture, resistance to spoilage etc). |
| Adipose tissue | fat tissue in the body |
| Aerobic | requiring oxygen for life and growth |
| Aerobic respiration | the enzymatic release of energy from the oxidation of organic compounds in living cells in a process requiring oxygen. |
| Afferent nerve fibers | carry nerve impulses towards the central nervous system. |
| Agonal gasp: | a terminal breathing pattern where the animal appears to be gasping for breath |
| Agonist | Something which increases a response |
| Albumin | the most abundant plasma protein. Principally responsible for maintenance of circulating blood volume by preventing too much water leaving the capillaries by osmosis. |
| Allele | one of two or more different forms of a gene. Different alleles of a gene occupy the same locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes. |
| Alleles | these are alternative forms of a gene, showing different options for the same gene e.g. red, black, white coat Colouring. Each has a specific place or ‘locus’ on the chromosome. |
| Alopecia | A partial or complete loss of hair in areas where it is normally present. |
| What does AMTRA stand for? | Animal Medicines Training Regulatory Authority |
| Anabolic reaction | a reaction in which chemical substances are built up and energy is used. |
| Anaerobic | not requiring oxygen |
| Anaerobic respiration | the partial oxidation of organic compounds in the cell to release energy, in a process which does not require oxygen. |
| Anastomosis | an artificial or naturally occurring connection between two structures, which are normally separate, for example between blood vessels or loops of intestine. |
| Androgens | group of male sex hormones e.g., testosterone. |
| Anemia | a reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells. |
| Anion | negatively charged particle. |
| Anode | positively charged electrode to which electrons are attracted |
| Anorexia | loss of appetite for food. |
| Antagonist | Something which prevents or decreases a response |
| Anthropozoonosis | a disease which can be passed from man to animals |
| Antibody | a globular protein or immunoglobulin, made by plasma cells and secreted into the plasma in response to a specific antigen, in order to destroy and eliminate the antigen from the body. |
| Antidotes | specific reversing agent for a poison |
| Antigen | a substance that is foreign to the body and stimulates an immune response. |
| Antiperistalsis | movement of food material up the digestive tract. This is in the opposite direction to peristalsis. |
| Antisepsis | the prevention of sepsis (presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or body tissues) |
| Antiseptic | a chemical use to control, prevent or destroy pathogens present on living tissues/skin. |
| Anuria | lack of urine output. |
| Anxiolysis: | decrease level of anxiety |
| apnea | Breathholding |
| Arrhythmia | an abnormal heart rhythm |
| Artefact | any mark on a radiograph which decreases the quality |
| Artery | blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart. |
| As fed basis | the concentration of a nutrient in the food as it is fed to the animal, which includes the water content of the food. |
| Ascites | excess fluid in the abdominal cavity. |
| Asepsis | freedom from infectious material |
| Aseptic | the complete absence of bacteria, viruses or fungi that could cause disease. Asepsis is the ideal situation for the performance of surgical or other invasive procedures, and is achieved by sterilisation techniques |
| Asexual reproduction | reproduction which involves only one parent and produces offspring which are identical to the parent. |
| Asystole | no electrical activity in the heart – a ‘flat line’ on the ECG |
| Atom | smallest particle capable of existing on its own or as molecules when in combination with other atoms |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, a high energy phosphate molecule used to store and release energy for work within the body. |
| Auscultation | technique used for listening to the sounds of the body with the use of a stethoscope, for example the heart beat and respiratory sounds within the thoracic cavity. |
| Autonomic nervous system | part of the peripheral nervous system that supplies stimulation to the cardiac and smooth muscles and the glands of the body, involved in unconscious control. |
| Autosomes | all the chromosomes within the nucleus of the cell except the sex chromosomes. |
| Autotransformer | prevents fluctuations in the mains voltage and ensures constant 240 volts supplied to the X-ray machine |
| AVM GSL | Authorised Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List |
| Azotaemia | increased levels of nitrogenous by products in the bloodstream |
| Bacteria | prokaryotic single celled organism |
| What sizes does bacteria range from? | Ranges in size from 0.3µm - 10 µm |
| Bacteriaemia | the presence of bacteria in the blood |
| Bacteriostatic | Prevents bacteria from multiplying but does not kill them |
| Barrier nursing | utilisation of protective clothing and isolation to prevent transmission of disease from hospitalised animals |
| Basophil | type of granular white blood cell |
| Biliary | pertaining to the bile duct |
| Bilirubin | yellow green bile pigment which results from the breakdown of red blood cells. |
| Bilirubinuria | presence of bile or bilirubin in the urine |
| Binary fission | the replication of bacteria |
| Biological vectors | the organism undergoes part of its lifecycle inside the host |
| Blood brain barrier | protective barrier that prevents harmful materials in the blood affecting the brain. |
| Blood plasma | fluid surrounding the blood cells and transported by the blood-vascular system |
| Bolus | ball of chewed food bound together with saliva that is formed in the mouth by the action of the tongue |
| Brachycephalic | breeds of dog and cat with a squashed facial confirmation, e.g. boxers, bull dogs, pugs. Persian cats. |
| What do traits do brachycephalic animals tend to have? | These animals tend to have overlong soft palates, excessive soft tissue in their oral cavity and pharynx, smaller tracheal diameters than excpected, and small nasal openings |
| Bradycardia | a slower than normal heart rate |
| Bradypnea | slowed respiratory rate |
| Buffer | a substance which is able to resist change in the pH of a solution so that the pH remains constant. |
| Calculus | stone like deposits of minerals salts found in hollow organs or on the teeth. In the urethra it can result in blockage of the passage of urine. |
| Calling | persistent yowling exhibited by the female cat (queen) during the proestrous period of the estrous cycle |
| Canaliculus | a space containing a cytoplasmic process of an osteocyte in bone tissue, or, a space between rows of cells in the liver along which bile flows |
| Capillary refill time (CRT) | time taken for blood capillaries to refill after being emptied in some way. |
| Carcinogenic | harmful effects of X-rays which induce tumor formation |
| Carnivore | meat eating animal |
| Carrier | an individual who has a copy of a recessive gene that is not expressed because of heterozygosity, but the gene can be passed on to the next generation, alternatively, an individual, infected with a pathogen, but not showing any symptoms of disease. |
| Carriers | convalescent carrier: animal which has had the disease and recovered |
| Carrion | decaying flesh |
| Catabolic reaction | a reaction in which chemical substances are broken down and energy is released. |
| Cathode | negatively charged electrode which produces electrons |
| Cation | a positively charged particle |
| Caudal fermenter | herbivorous animal whose main microbial fermentation takes place in the large intestine |
| Cell | a structure bound by a plasma membrane, containing cytoplasm and organelles; the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. |
| Central Nervous System | part of the nervous system. Consists of the brain and the spinal cord. |
| Centrioles | an organelle composed of microtubules, that is involved in the formation of the spindle during mitosis |
| Centromere | the part of the chromosome to which spindle Fibers attach during cell division |
| Cerebro spinal fluid | clear fluid resembling plasma but with a lower protein content. Flows in the ventricular system of the brain, central canal of the spinal cord and in the subarachnoid space of the brain. |
| Chloroplasts | organelles, found in plant cells, which contain chlorophyll (green pigment) They are the sites of photosynthesis |
| Chondrocyte | cell found in cartilage |
| Chromatid | Two identical chromosomes, joined together by a centromere, formed during the interphase of the cell cycle. |
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