Chapter 2 Life Science

Question	Answer
Define Acid rain?	Nitrogen compounds combine with water to create acid rain.
Define Algae?	Found in all aquatic ecosystems.
Define Bacteria?	They are decomposes.
Define bioaccumulation?	The gradual build up of synthetic and organic chemicals in living organisms.
Define biomagnifaication?	The breaking down of dead organic matter by living organisms such as bacteria.
Define biodiversity?	The variety of all living species of plants,animals and micro-organisms on earth.
Define carbonate?	A combination of carbon and oxygen that is dissolved in the ocean water.
Define Carnivore?	Secondary and tertiary consumers that kill and eat other animals e.g.. lion
Define cellular respiration?	The process in which both plants and animals release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere by converting carbohydrates and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water.
Define Primary Consumers?	Consumers that eat plants (producers)
Define Secondary Consumers?	they eat primary consumers.
Define Tertiary consumers?	They eat secondary consumers all so called top predators.
Define DDT?	An insectide and well-know persistent organic pollutant now banned in many countries.
Define decomposers?	Get their energy by feeding on waste and dead organisms e.g.. Bacteria and Fungi.
Define dentification?	Process by which bacteria convert nitrate into nitrogen gas in the soil.
Define Detrivore?	Consumers that eat all producers and consumers e.g.. Bacteria and Fungi.
Define pyramid of biomass?	The total mass (usually measured as weight/area) of all organisms in the ecosystems.
Define Pyramid of Energy?	Shows the energy available to each tropic level in an ecosystem.
Pyramid of numbers?	Shows the abundance of each tropic level in terms of numbers of individual organisms.
Define food chains?	They show the flow of energy of one organism to another.
Define food webs?	A model of a feeding relationship with an ecosystem;formed from inter connected food chains.
Define fossil fuel?	remains of the dead organisms trapped in rocks (coal, oil,natural gas)
Define Grazing?	feeding on plants.
Define heavy metals?	metallic elements with a high density that are toxic to organisms at low concentrations.
Define herbivore?	Primary consumers that feed on parts of plants (grazing) e.g.. cows.
Define Keystone species?	Species (e.g.. salmon) that can greatly affect population numbers and the health of an ecosystem.
Define legumes?	These bacteria are mutualistic with some plants living inside the roots and exchanging useful nitrogen for photosynthetic sugars (sugar and beans)
Define lighting?	Produce's the energy to create nitrate which then falls out in rain.
Define nitrification?	Process by which bacteria convert ammonium (NH4+) into nitrate gas in the soil.
Define nutrients?	Chemicals needed for life and growth of an organism.
Define omnivore?	Consumers that eat both producers and consumers e.g.. humans.
Define PCBs?	Synthetic chemicals containing chlorine that are used in the manufacture of plastics and other industrial products become stored in the tissue of animals.
Define pesticides?	A general term for chemicals that are used to eliminate pests, such as insecticides that kill insects and herbicides that kill weeds.
Define Photo plankton?	Photosynthetic algae found in all aquatic ecosystems.
Define producer?	Organisms that produce food in the form of carbohydrates during photosynthesis.
Define top predator?	They eat secondary consumers also called tertiary consumers.
Define tropic levels?	First tropic level-Producers. Second tropic level-Primary consumers. Third tropic level- Secondary Consumers. Fourth tropic level-tertiary consumers.
Define zoo plankton?	Plankton consisting of small animals and the immature stages of larger animals.

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Chapter 2 Life Science

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