Chronic Asthma (3): Drugs

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RATs and Exams
Sam Adeyiga
Flashcards by Sam Adeyiga, updated more than 1 year ago
Sam Adeyiga
Created by Sam Adeyiga almost 4 years ago
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Question Answer
List all systemic (oral) corticosteroids [Hint: MPP] 1. Methylprednisolone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol) 2. Prednisone (Deltasone) 3. Prednisolone (Millipred, Orapred)
List all Inhaled corticosteroids [Hint: BBC - F] 1. Beclomethasone (QVAR, HFA Reihaler) 2. Budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaher) 3. Fluticasone (Flovent HFA) 4. Ciclesonide (Alvesco HFA)
What is the difference concerning the use of systemic (oral) corticosteroid and inhaled corticosteroid? 1. Systemic (oral) corticosteroid is used as both rescue and maintenance agents. 2. Inhaled corticosteroid is used as maintenance agent ONLY
List all common SABAs (Inhalers for Rescue). 1. Albuterol (Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, ProAir HFA & ProAir RespiClick) 2. Albuterol neb solution 3. Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) 4. Levalbuterol (Xopenex) neb solution 5. Racemic Epinephrine (Asthmanefrin, EpiMist, Primatene Mist HFA)
List all common LABAs (Inhalers for maintenance) 1. Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus) 2. Vilanterol + fluticasone = combo (Breo Ellipta) 3. Vilanterol + Umeclidinium = combo (Anoro Ellipta)
List all common Systemic B2 agonists 1. Albuterol (tabs and syrups) 2. Terbutaline (Brethine) (tabs and Injection) ** They are used only after inhaled meds are not possible.
List the common SAMA * Short Acting Muscrarinic Antagonist ** Anticholinergics Ipratropium (Multidosin)
List the common LAMAs * Long Acting Muscrarinic Antagonists ** Anticholinergics 1. Tiotropium (Spiriva Respimat)
List all common CysLT1 Receptor Antagonists * Leukotriene Modifiers ** ~ Lukasts 1. Montelukast (Singular) 2. Zafirlukast (Accolate)
List the common 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors *Leukotriene Modifiers Zileuton (Zyflor CR)
List the common Mast Cells Stabilizers Cromolyns (Intal)
List the common SELECTIVE PDE4 * Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Roflumast (Daliresp) [Only for COPD] * Do not memorize this name
List the common NON-SELECTIVE PDE4 * Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Theophylline
Significant AEs of Corticosteroids are ------ ? 1. Oropharyngeal candidiasis 2. HPA axis suppression 3. induced myopathy of the vocal cord = dysphonia 4. Reflex cough 5. Bronchospasm
Significant AEs of B2 agonists are ------ ? [Hint: TTHQ] 1. Tremor 2. Tachycardia 3. Hypokalemia 4. Prolonged QT interval (cardiacarrhythmia) w/ overdose
Significant AEs of LAMAs * Long Acting Muscrarinic Antagonists ** Anticholinergics = Ipratropium 1. Dry mouth 2. Metallic taste in the mouth * they do NOT cause urinary retention and constipation like other anticholinergics bc they do not distribute to the CNS. They only remain in the lungs.
Significant AEs of cromolyn (Mast Cell stabilizers) are ------ ? 1. Bad taste 2. Sore throat 3. cough
Why does Ipratropium need to be dosed multiple times a day? Ipratropium has a short duration of action. Hence, needs to be dosed multiple times.
Why does aclidinium dosed BID for COPD? Aclidinium is dosed BID for COPD bc 1. it has longer duration of action 2. has slower dissociation rate from M1 and M2
Why does tioptropium dose once a day for COPD? Tiotropium is dosed QD for COPD bc 1. it has longer duration of action 2. has slower dissociation rate from M1 and M2
Describe the MOA of Montelukast and Zafirlukast? * Both are Leukotriene modifiers ** Both are CysLT1 receptor antagonists (CRA) 1. Montelukast and Zafirlukast are "ligands" that fits into CysLT1 receptor (CR) and block the binding of LTD4 to CysLT1 receptor 2. CRA + CR = stopping of inflammation
Describe the MOA of Zileuton? * It is a Leukotriene modifier ** It is a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor 1. Zileuton selectively binds to 5-Lox enzyme. 2. Inhibits synthesis of cysteinyl-leukotrienes like LTD4 and LTB4
Explain the benefits of Theophylline. * A non-selective PDE inhibitor. 1. Theophylline is an enzyme that breaks down intracellular cyclic nucleosides like cAMP, cGMP which are needed in cell signaling. 2. Theophylline inhibits hydrolysis of cAMP, cGMP by PDE, thereby reducing inflammatory processes.
What is the therapeutic range of Theophylline? 5-15 mcg/mL
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