2545372
Description
Flashcards by emily-kenning, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by emily-kenning
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define learning | A relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience |
| What is classical conditioning | Learning through association |
| Describe Pavlov's dog study | 1. Food (unconditioned stimulus) = dog drools (unconditioned response) 2. Bell (conditioned stimulus) + food (uncon. stimulus) = dog drools (uncon. response) 3. Bell (conditioned stimulus) = Dog drools (conditioned response) |
| Describe a study to do with classical conditioning | A-Emotional response conditioned in human M-11 month/o baby, played with white rat, hit with hammer when he reached for it, 7 times R-when rat present he screamed, also scared by Santa hat and fur coat C-fear response can be learnt E-Unethical, can't generalise |
| What is the Garcia effect? | Happens when learning occurs after a pairing of the stimulus and response, e.g. Chesterfield and me being sick |
| Define operant conditioning | Learning due to the consequences of behaviour through positive or negative reinforcement |
| Describe work on operant conditioning | Skinners Box- rat would accidentally press button and would get food, every time the lever was pressed rat was positively reinforced so was encouraged to repeat. |
| What's the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement | Punishment - a stimulus which weakens behaviour because it's unpleasant Negative reinforcement - when an unpleasant experience is removed after a behaviour or action has been made, increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated |
| Describe an example of behaviour shaping | Skinner training pigeons to play ping-pong by every time the pigeon went near the ping-pong ball, it'd get a treat and eventually it'd pass the ball back and forth |
| What is systematic desensitisation? | A treatment for phobias in which a person is taught to relax then is gradually exposed to the feared object or activity |
| Give an example of a type of systematic desensitisation process | Fear = deep water Present them with.. 1. A glass of water 2. A bowl of water 3. A fish tank 4. A swimming pool 5. The sea |
| What is flooding? | A treatment for phobias that involves the immediate exposure of the person to the feared object, activity or event until there's no feared response |
| An example of flooding | Throwing someone who's phobia is deep water into the ocean and leaving them there |
| What is aversion therapy | A treatment for addictions, such as drug and alcohol dependancy, which makes the addict have an extremely negative reaction to the addictive substance |
| What is token economy | The process to change unwanted behaviour where you use positive reinforcement when they do/don't do the desired action, e.g someone with anorexia eating and receiving money as a prize |
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