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| Question | Answer |
| Describe the main features of the geocentric model. | That the Earth was at the centre of the solar system and the Sun, Moon, planets and stars orbited it. |
| Explain how Galileo's observations of Jupiter proved the geocentric model wrong. | He saw three 'stars' in line near Jupiter. The next evening they had moved in the wrong direction. After a week a fourth star appeared. Galileo realised that they were moons that orbited Jupiter, not stars. This proved not everything orbited the Earth. |
| How are we able to see stars and planets? | Using the naked eye, telescopes and photographs. |
| What are the two formulas for the speed of a wave? | Speed = Frequency * Wavelength Wave speed = Distance / Time |
| Give an example of a transverse wave. | All Electromagnetic (EM) waves. |
| Give an example of a longitudinal wave. | Sound waves. |
| Describe what happens to a light ray as it travels from air into water at an angle. | The part of the wave which hits the water first slows down while the other part carries on faster in the air until it hits the water. This causes the wave to bend. |
| Light is reflected off a mirror, as shown in the diagram. If angle i is a 50 degree angle what is angle r? | 50 degrees. (Angles of reflection and incidence are always the same) |
| Draw a rough diagram of how a converging lens works. (Not a ray diagram) | |
| Describe what is meant by the focal point of a lens. | The focal point is where rays hitting the lens parallel to the axis all meet. |
| How can you work out the focal length of a lens. | Clamp the lens at one end of a track then clamp a piece of white card further down the track. Set this up at near a window with the lens directed at a distant object. Move the card along the track until the image is focused and clamp it in place. Use a ruler to measure the distance between the centre of the lens and the card. This is the focal length. |
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