2630169
Description
Flashcards by Kristen Leenhouts, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kristen Leenhouts
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| These patients are bothered by repeated thoughts or behaviors that appear senseless, even to them | Obsessive–compulsive disorder |
| In this disorder, physically normal patients believe that parts of their bodies are misshapen or ugly | Body dysmorphic disorder |
| An individual accumulates so many objects (perhaps of no value) that they interfere with life and living | Hoarding disorder |
| Pulling hair from various parts of the body is often accompanied by feelings of “tension and release” | Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) |
| Patients so persistently pick at their skin that they traumatize it | Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder |
| Obsessions and compulsions can be caused by various medical conditions | Obsessive–compulsive and related disorder due to another medical condition |
| Various sub- stances can lead to obsessive–compulsive symptoms that don’t fulfill criteria for any of the above-mentioned disorders | Substance/medication-induced obsessive–compulsive and related disorder |
| Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders | Obsessive–compulsive disorder Body dysmorphic disorder Hoarding disorder Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder Obsessive–compulsive and related disorder due to another medical condition Substance/medication-induced obsessive–compulsive and related disorder Other specified, or unspecified, obsessive–comp |
| There is evidence of pathogenic care in a child who habitually doesn’t seek comfort from parents or surrogates | Reactive attachment disorder |
| There is evidence of pathogenic care in a child who fails to show normal reticence in the company of strangers | Disinhibited social engagement disorder |
| These adolescents or adults repeatedly relive a severely traumatic event, such as combat or a natural disaster | Posttraumatic stress disorder |
| Children repeatedly relive a severely traumatic event, such as car accidents, natural disasters, or war | Posttraumatic stress disorder in preschool children |
| This condition is much like posttraumatic stress disorder, except that it begins during or immediately after the stressful event and lasts a month or less | Acute stress disorder |
| Following a stressor, an individual develops symptoms that disappear once the cause of stress has subsided | Adjustment disorder |
| Primary Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders | Reactive attachment disorder Disinhibited social engagement disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD in preschool children Acute stress disorder Adjustment disorder |
| this chronic condition is characterized by unexplained physical symptoms. It is found almost exclusively in women | Somatic symptom disorder |
| The pain in question has no apparent physical or physiological basis, or it far exceeds the usual expectations, given the patient’s actual physical condition | Somatic symptom disorder, with predominant pain |
| These patients complain of isolated symptoms that seem to have no physical cause | Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) |
| this is a disorder in which physically healthy people have an unfounded fear of a serious, often life-threatening illness such as cancer or heart disease—but little in the way of somatic symptoms | Illness anxiety disorder Formerly called hypochondriasis |
| Patients who want to occupy the sick role (perhaps they enjoy the attention of being in a hospital) consciously fabricate symptoms to attract attention from health care professionals | Factitious disorder imposed on self |
| A person induces symptoms in someone else, often a child, possibly for the purpose of gaining attention | Factitious disorder imposed on another |
| Primary Somatic Symptom Disorders | Somatic symptom disorder Somatic symptom disorder, with predominant pain Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) Illness anxiety disorder Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions Factitious disorder imposed on self Factitious disorder imposed on another |
| Other Causes of Somatic Complaints | Actual physical illness Mood disorders Substance use Adjustment disorder Malingering |
| Despite the fact that they are severely underweight, these patients see themselves as fat | Anorexia nervosa |
| These patients eat in binges, then prevent weight gain by self-induced vomiting, purging, and exercise. Although appearance is important to their self-evaluations, they do not have the body image distortion characteristic of anorexia nervosa | Bulimia nervosa |
| These patients eat in binges, but do not try to compensate by vomiting, exercising, or using laxatives | Binge-eating disorder |
| The patient eats material that is not food | Pica |
| The person persistently regurgitates and re-chews food already eaten | Rumination disorder |
| An individual’s failure to eat enough leads to weight loss or a failure to gain weight | Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder |
| Primary Feeding and Eating Disorders | Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge-eating disorder Pica Rumination disorder Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder |
| Other Causes of Abnormal Appetite and Weight | Mood disorders Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders Somatic symptom disorder Simple obesity |
| A user has taken a substance frequently enough to produce clinically important distress or impaired functioning, and to result in certain behavioral characteristics. Found in connection with all classes of drugs but caffeine, substance use disorder can even develop accidentally, especially from the use of medicine to treat chronic pain. | Substance use disorder |
| This acute clinical condition results from recent overuse of a sub- stance. Anyone can become intoxicated; this is the only substance-related diagnosis likely to apply to a person who uses a substance only once. All drugs but nicotine have a specific syndrome of intoxication. | Substance intoxication |
| This collection of symptoms, specific for the class of substance, devel- ops when a person who has frequently used a substance discontinues it or markedly reduces the amount used. All substances except phencyclidine (PCP), the other hallucinogens, and the inhalants have an officially recognized withdrawal syndrome | Substance withdrawal |
| Specific Classes Involved in Substance Abuse | Alcohol Amphetamines and other stimulants Caffeine Cannabis Hallucinogens (including PCP) Inhalants Opioids Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic drugs Tobacco Other or unknown substances |
| What is a delirium? | A fluctuating state of reduced awareness in which the following are true: • The patient has trouble with awareness (operationally defined as orientation) and shifting or focusing of attention, and • The patient has at least one defect of memory, orientation, perception, visuospatial skills, or language, and • The symptoms are not better explained by coma or another cognitive disorder. |
| Profound, temporary loss of memory may occur in persons who suffer from dissociative amnesia or dissociative identity disorder | Dissociative disorders |
| Cluster A Personality Disorders | withdrawn, cold, suspicious, or irrational Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal |
| These people are suspicious and quick to take offense. They often have few confidants and may read hidden meaning into innocent remarks | Paranoid |
| These patients care little for social relationships, have a restricted emotional range, and seem indifferent to criticism or praise. Tending to be solitary, they avoid close (including sexual) relationships | Schizoid |
| Interpersonal relationships are so difficult for these people that they appear peculiar or strange to others. They lack close friends and are uncomfortable in social situations. They may show suspiciousness, unusual perceptions or thinking, eccentric speech, and inappropriate affect | Schizotypal |
| Cluster B Personality Disorders | theatrical, emotional, and attention-seeking; their moods are labile and often shallow Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic |
| The irresponsible, often criminal behavior of these people begins in childhood or early adolescence with truancy, running away, cruelty, fighting, destructiveness, lying, and theft. In addition to criminal behavior, as adults they may default on debts or otherwise behave irresponsibly; act recklessly or impulsively; and show no remorse for their behavior | Antisocial |
| These impulsive people engage in behavior harmful to themselves (sexual adventures, unwise spending, excessive use of substances or food). Affectively unstable, they often show intense, inappropriate anger. They feel empty or bored, and they frantically try to avoid abandonment. They are uncertain about who they are, and they lack the ability to maintain stable interpersonal relationships | Borderline |
| Overly emotional, vague, and desperate for attention, these people need constant reassurance about their attractiveness. They may be self-centered and sexually seductive | Histrionic |
| These people are self-important and often preoccupied with envy, fantasies of success, or ruminations about the uniqueness of their own problems. Their sense of entitle- ment and lack of compassion may cause them to take advantage of others. They vigorously reject criticism and need constant attention and admiration | Narcissistic |
| Cluster C Personality Disorders | anxious and tense, often overcontrolled Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive |
| These timid people are so easily wounded by criticism that they hesitate to become involved with others. They may fear the embarrassment of showing emotion or of saying things that seem foolish. They may have no close friends, and they exaggerate the risks of undertaking pursuits outside their usual routines | Avoidant |
| These people so much need the approval of others that they have trouble making independent decisions or starting projects; they may even agree with others whom they know to be wrong. They fear abandonment, feel helpless when they are alone, and are miserable when relationships end. They are easily hurt by criticism and will even volunteer for unpleasant tasks to gain the favor of others | Dependent |
| Perfectionism and rigidity characterize these people. They are often workaholics, and they tend to be indecisive, excessively scrupulous, and preoccupied with detail They insist that others do things their way. They have trouble expressing affection, tend to lack generosity, and may even resist throwing away worthless objects they no longer need | Obsessive–Compulsive |
| Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia-Like Disorders | Schizophrenia Catatonia associated with another mental disorder (catatonia specifier) Schizophreniform disorder Schizoaffective disorder Brief psychotic disorder |
| For at least 6 months, these patients have had two or more of these five types of psychotic symptom: delusions, disorganized speech, hallucinations, negative symptoms, and catatonia or other markedly abnormal behavior. Ruled out as causes of the psychotic symptoms are significant mood disorders, substance use, and general medical condi- tions | Schizophrenia |
| These patients have two or more of several behavioral characteristics. The specifier can be applied to disorders that include psychosis, mood disorders, autistic spectrum disorder, and other medical conditions | Catatonia associated with another mental disorder (catatonia specifier) |
| This category is for patients who have the basic symptoms of schizophrenia but have been ill for only 1–6 months—less than the time specified for schizophrenia | Schizophreniform disorder |
| For at least 1 month, these patients have had basic schizophrenia symptoms; at the same time, they have prominent symptoms of mania or depression | Schizoaffective disorder |
| These patients will have had at least one of the basic psychotic symptoms for less than 1 month | Brief psychotic disorder |
| Other Psychotic Disorders | Delusional disorder Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder Other specified, or unspecified, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder |
| These patients have delusions, but not the other symptoms of schizo- phrenia | Delusional disorder |
| For at least 2 weeks, the patient feels depressed (or cannot enjoy life) and has problems with eating and sleeping, guilt feelings, low energy, trouble concen- trating, and thoughts about death | Major depressive episode |
| For at least 1 week, the patient feels elated (or sometimes only irritable) and may be grandiose, talkative, hyperactive, and distractible. Bad judgment leads to marked social or work impairment; often patients must be hospitalized | Manic episode |
| This is much like a manic episode, but it is briefer and less severe. Hospitalization is not required | Hypomanic episode |
| DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS | Major depressive disorder Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Premenstrual dysphoric disorder |
| These patients have had no manic or hypomanic episodes, but have had one or more major depressive episodes. Major depressive disorder will be either recurrent or single episode | Major depressive disorder |
| There are no high phases, and it lasts much longer than typical major depressive disorder. This type of depression is not usually severe enough to be called an episode of major depression (though chronic major depression is now included here) | Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) |
| A child’s mood is persistently negative between frequent, severe explosions of temper | Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder |
| A few days before her menses, a woman experiences symptoms of depression and anxiety | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder |
| There must be at least one manic episode; most patients with bipolar I have also had a major depressive episode | Bipolar I disorder |
| This diagnosis requires at least one hypomanic episode plus at least one major depressive episode | Bipolar II disorder |
| These patients have had repeated mood swings, but none that are severe enough to be called major depressive episodes or manic episodes | Cyclothymic disorder |
| BIPOLAR AND RELATED DISORDERS | Bipolar I disorder Bipolar II disorder Cyclothymic disorder Substance/medication-induced bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder due to another medical condition. |
| Mood disorder specifiers | With atypical features With melancholic features With anxious distress With catatonic features With mixed features With peripartum onset With psychotic features |
| These depressed patients eat a lot and gain weight, sleep excessively, and have a feeling of being sluggish or paralyzed. They are often excessively sensitive to rejection | "With atypical features" |
| This term applies to major depressive episodes characterized by some of the “classic” symptoms of severe depression. These patients awaken early, feeling worse than they do later in the day. They lose appetite and weight, feel guilty, are either slowed down or agitated, and do not feel better when something happens that they would normally like | "With melancholic features" |
| A patient has symptoms of anxiety, tension, restlessness, worry, or fear that accompanies a mood episode | "With anxious distress" |
| There are features of either motor hyperactivity or inactivity. Catatonic features can apply to major depressive episodes and to manic episodes | "With catatonic features" |
| Manic, hypomanic, and major depressive episodes may have mixtures of manic and depressive symptoms | "With mixed features" |
| A manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode (or a brief psychotic disorder) can occur in a woman during pregnancy or within a month of having a bab | "With peripartum onset" |
| Manic and major depressive episodes can be accompanied by delusions, which can be mood-congruent or -incongruent | "With psychotic features" |
| Within 1 year, the patient has had at least four episodes (in any combination) fulfilling criteria for major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episodes | "With rapid cycling" |
| These patients experience repeated panic attacks—brief episodes of intense dread accompanied by a variety of physical and other symptoms, together with worry about having additional attacks and other related mental and behavioral changes | Panic disorder |
| Patients with this condition fear situations or places such as entering a store, where they might have trouble obtaining help if they became anxious | Agoraphobia |
| In this condition, patients fear specific objects or situations. Examples include animals; storms; heights; blood; airplanes; being closed in; or any situation that may lead to vomiting, choking, or developing an illness. | Specific phobia |
| These patients imagine themselves embarrassed when they speak, write, or eat in public or use a public urinal | Social anxiety disorder |
| A child elects not to talk, except when alone or with select intimates | Selective mutism |
| Although they experience no episodes of acute panic, these patients feel tense or anxious much of the time and worry about many different issues | Generalized anxiety disorder |
| The patient becomes anxious when separated from a parent or other attachment figure | Separation anxiety disorder |
| Primary Anxiety Disorders | Panic disorder Agoraphobia Specific phobia Social anxiety disorder Selective mutism Generalized anxiety disorder Separation anxiety disorder |
| These people are suspicious and quick to take offense. They often have few confidants and may read hidden meaning into innocent remarks | Paranoid Personality Disorder Cluster A |
| These patients care little for social relationships, have a restricted emotional range, and seem indifferent to criticism or praise. Tending to be solitary, they avoid close (including sexual) relationships | Schizoid Personality Disorder Cluster A |
| Interpersonal relationships are so difficult for these people that they appear peculiar or strange to others. They lack close friends and are uncomfortable in social situations. They may show suspiciousness, unusual perceptions or thinking, eccentric speech, and inappropriate affect | Schizotypal Personality Disorder Cluster A |
| The irresponsible, often criminal behavior of these people begins in childhood or early adolescence with truancy, running away, cruelty, fighting, destructiveness, lying, and theft. In addition to criminal behavior, as adults they may default on debts or otherwise behave irresponsibly; act recklessly or impulsively; and show no remorse for their behavior | Antisocial Personality Disorder Cluster B |
| These impulsive people engage in behavior harmful to themselves (sexual adventures, unwise spending, excessive use of substances or food). Affectively unstable, they often show intense, inappropriate anger. They feel empty or bored, and they frantically try to avoid abandonment. They are uncertain about who they are, and they lack the ability to maintain stable interpersonal relationships | Borderline Personality Disorder Cluster B |
| Overly emotional, vague, and desperate for attention, these people need constant reassurance about their attractiveness. They may be self-centered and sexually seductive | Histrionic Personality Disorder Cluster B |
| These people are self-important and often preoccupied with envy, fantasies of success, or ruminations about the uniqueness of their own problems. Their sense of entitle- ment and lack of compassion may cause them to take advantage of others. They vigorously reject criticism and need constant attention and admiration | Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cluster B |
| These timid people are so easily wounded by criticism that they hesitate to become involved with others. They may fear the embarrassment of showing emotion or of saying things that seem foolish. They may have no close friends, and they exaggerate the risks of undertaking pursuits outside their usual routines | Avoidant Personality Disorder Cluster C |
| These people so much need the approval of others that they have trouble making independent decisions or starting projects; they may even agree with others whom they know to be wrong. They fear abandonment, feel helpless when they are alone, and are miserable when relationships end. They are easily hurt by criticism and will even volunteer for unpleasant tasks to gain the favor of others | Dependent personality Disorder Cluster C |
| Perfectionism and rigidity characterize these people. They are often workaholics, and they tend to be indecisive, excessively scrupulous, and preoccupied with detail They insist that others do things their way. They have trouble expressing affection, tend to lack generosity, and may even resist throwing away worthless objects they no longer need | Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder Cluster C |
| These people are self-important and often preoccupied with envy, fantasies of success, or ruminations about the uniqueness of their own problems. Their sense of entitlement and lack of compassion may cause them to take advantage of others. They vigorously reject criticism and need constant attention and admiration | Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cluster B |
| Patients strongly identify with the gender other than their own assigned gender role, with which they are uncomfortable. Some request sex reassignment surgery to relieve this discomfort | Gender dysphoria |
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