26965978
Description
| Question | Answer |
| INFORMATIVE | EDUCATES READERS BY IMPARTING STRAIGHTFORWARD INFORMATION AND FACTS, BUT NEVER PERSONAL OPINIONS. |
| EXPOSITORY | IMPARTS INFORMATION, SHARES IDEAS AND PROVIDES EXPLANATIONS AND EVIDENCE. |
| INTRODUCTION | THIS IS WHERE THE SUBJECT OR TOPIC IS INTRODUCED. THE BIG PICTURE, POINTS, AND IDEAS ARE BRIEFLY WRITTEN HERE. |
| ANECDOTE | A VERY SHORT STORY THAT IS SIGNIFICANT TO THE TOPIC AT HAND; USUALLY ADDING PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE OR EXPERIENCE TO THE TOPIC. |
| BODY PARAGRAPH | ALL THE MAIN IDEAS, TOPICS, AND SUBJECT ARE DISCUSSED HERE IN DETAILS. THIS ALSO INCLUDES EVIDENCE OR INFORMATION THAT SUPPORT THE ESSAY. |
| TOPIC SENTENCE | A SENTENCE THAT EXPRESSES THE MAIN IDEA OF THE PARAGRAPH IN WHICH IT OCCURS. |
| EVIDENCE | MAY BE A QUOTE FROM A SOURCE, A PARAPHRASE FROM A REFERENCE, OR A VISUAL SOURCE LIKE A CHART OR GRAPH. USE IT TO HELP TO SUPPORT KEY POINTS IN YOUR ESSAY. |
| QUOTE | A ------ IS THE RESTATEMENT OF SOMEONE ELSE'S WORDS THE WAY THEY HAVE BEEN WRITTEN IN A BOOK OR TEXT AND GIVING THE AUTHOR CREDIT BY INCLUDING HIS/HER NAME. |
| CONCLUSION | THE LAST PART OF AN ESSAY AND USUALLY SUMMARIZES THE OVERALL TOPIC OR IDEAS OF AN ESSAY. |
| LOGICAL ORDER | IDEAS THAT MUST BE EXPLAINED IN A CERTAIN ORDER — FOR EXAMPLE, ONE POINT MUST BE EXPLAINED BEFORE ANOTHER POINT — ARE IN LOGICAL ORDER. THE POINTS MUST BE TOLD IN THE CORRECT SEQUENCE; OTHERWISE, THE READERS MAY BE CONFUSED. |
| ORDER OF IMPORTANCE | IDEAS OR STEPS ARE PRIORITIZED BY THE WRITER OR SPEAKER ACCORDING TO A HIERARCHY OF VALUE. WHEN USING THE ORDER OF IMPORTANCE PATTERN OF ORGANIZATION, INFORMATION CAN BE STRUCTURED FROM MOST IMPORTANT TO LEAST IMPORTANT OR LEAST IMPORTANT TO MOST IMPORTANT. |
| CAUSE/EFFECT | PARAGRAPHS STRUCTURED AS CAUSE AND EFFECT EXPLAIN REASONS WHY SOMETHING HAPPENED OR THE EFFECTS OF SOMETHING. THESE PARAGRAPHS CAN BE ORDERED AS CAUSES AND EFFECTS OR AS EFFECTS AND THEN CAUSES. |
| CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER | WHEN INFORMATION IN A PASSAGE IS ORGANIZED BY THE TIME IN WHICH EACH EVENT OCCURRED, IT IS ORGANIZED CHRONOLOGICALLY. NONFICTION PASSAGES THAT ARE ORGANIZED CHRONOLOGICALLY OFTEN CONTAINS DATES. |
| COMPARE/CONTRAST | TWO OR MORE THINGS ARE DESCRIBED. THEIR SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES ARE DISCUSSED. |
| SUMMARY | A RESTATEMENT OF SOMEONE ELSE'S WORDS IN YOUR OWN WORDS. THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT KINDS OF SUMMARIES, AND THEY VARY ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE TO WHICH YOU INTERPRET OR ANALYZE THE SOURCE. SOME ARE PAGES LONG, WHILE OTHERS ARE JUST ONE OR TWO SENTENCES. HOWEVER, FOR ALL TYPES OF SUMMARY, THE WRITER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERALLY STATING, IN HIS OR HER OWN WORDS, THE MAIN INFORMATION OR ARGUMENT OF ANOTHER WRITER. |
| PARAPHRASE | A RESTATEMENT OR REWORDING OF A PARAGRAPH OR TEXT, IN ORDER TO BORROW, CLARIFY, OR EXPAND ON INFORMATION WITHOUT PLAGIARIZING. |
| SUPPORTING SENTENCE | A SENTENCE WITH INFORMATION THAT SUPPORTS A MAIN IDEA OR CLAIM. SUPPORTING SENTENCES GIVE A READER DETAILS TO UNDERSTAND A MAIN IDEA, OR EVIDENCE TO SHOW WHY A CLAIM IS TRUE OR CORRECT. |
| TRANSITION | WORDS OR PHRASES THAT TELL READERS THAT A NEW THOUGHT, PARAGRAPH, OR SECTION IS COMING. THEY ARE KEY INGREDIENTS THAT KEEP WRITING CLEAR AND ORGANIZED. WITHOUT TRANSITIONS, WRITING CAN BE DISORGANIZED AND CONFUSING. IN PARAGRAPHS, TRANSITIONS MOVE READERS FROM IDEA TO ANOTHER. IN ESSAYS AND REPORTS, TRANSITIONS MOVE THE READER FROM ONE PARAGRAPH TO ANOTHER, WHILE OTHER TRANSITIONS MOVE US FROM ONE SECTION TO ANOTHER IN THE PAPER. |
| FLUENCY | THE ABILITY TO WRITE WITH A NATURAL FLOW AND RHYTHM. FLUENT WRITERS USE GRADE-APPROPRIATE WORD PATTERNS, VOCABULARY, AND CONTENT |
| CENTRAL IDEA | THE CENTRAL IDEA OF AN INFORMATIVE PASSAGE IS WHAT A PASSAGE IS ALL ABOUT--STATED IN A BROAD SENTENCE. IN PAST YEARS, YOU MAY HAVE CALLED THIS THE “MAIN IDEA.” CENTRAL IDEAS ARE THE MOST ESSENTIAL IDEAS TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND AN INFORMATIVE TEXT. AN INFORMATIVE PASSAGE MAY HAVE MORE THAN ONE CENTRAL IDEA (JUST LIKE A SHORT STORY MAY HAVE MORE THAN ONE THEME). |
| NON-FICTION | PROSE WRITING THAT IS BASED ON FACTS, REAL EVENTS, AND REAL PEOPLE, SUCH AS BIOGRAPHY OR HISTORY. |
| ANNOTATION | A NOTE OF EXPLANATION OR COMMENT ADDED TO A TEXT OR DIAGRAM. |
| FACT | A THING THAT IS KNOWN OR PROVED TO BE TRUE. A PIECE OF INFORMATION USED AS EVIDENCE OR AS PART OF A REPORT OR NEWS ARTICLE. |
| ANALYSIS | A FORM OF EXPOSITORY WRITING IN WHICH THE WRITER SEPARATES A SUBJECT INTO ITS ELEMENTS OR PARTS. |
| INFERENCE | AN IDEA OR CONCLUSION THAT'S DRAWN FROM EVIDENCE AND REASONING. |
| BIAS | WHEN A WRITER DISPLAYS A PARTIALITY FOR OR PREJUDICE AGAINST SOMEONE, SOMETHING, OR SOME IDEA. SOMETIMES BIASES ARE READILY IDENTIFIABLE IN DIRECT STATEMENTS. OTHER TIMES A WRITER'S CHOICE OF WORDS, SELECTION OF FACTS OR EXAMPLES, OR TONE OF VOICE REVEALS HIS OR HER BIASES. |
| EXPLICIT | STATED DIRECTLY. IN OTHER WORDS, SOMETHING EXPLICIT IS VERY CLEAR AND EXACT ABOUT THE MEANING. |
| IMPLICIT | NOT STATED DIRECTLY BUT IMPLIED OR HINTED AT. |
| OBJECTIVE | WRITING THAT YOU CAN VERIFY THROUGH EVIDENCE AND FACTS |
| SUBJECTIVE | EXPRESS FEELINGS, OPINIONS, AND JUDGMENTS. |
| PRIMARY SOURCE | A PRIMARY SOURCE PROVIDES DIRECT OR FIRSTHAND EVIDENCE ABOUT AN EVENT, OBJECT, PERSON, OR WORK OF ART. PRIMARY SOURCES INCLUDE HISTORICAL AND LEGAL DOCUMENTS, EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS, RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS, STATISTICAL DATA, PIECES OF CREATIVE WRITING, AUDIO AND VIDEO RECORDINGS, SPEECHES, AND ART OBJECTS. INTERVIEWS, SURVEYS, FIELDWORK, AND INTERNET COMMUNICATIONS VIA EMAIL, BLOGS, AND NEWSGROUPS ARE ALSO PRIMARY SOURCES. |
| SECONDARY SOURCE | SECONDARY SOURCES DESCRIBE, DISCUSS, INTERPRET, COMMENT UPON, ANALYZE, EVALUATE, SUMMARIZE, AND PROCESS PRIMARY SOURCES. SECONDARY SOURCE MATERIALS CAN BE ARTICLES IN NEWSPAPERS OR POPULAR MAGAZINES, BOOK OR MOVIE REVIEWS, OR ARTICLES FOUND IN SCHOLARLY JOURNALS THAT DISCUSS OR EVALUATE SOMEONE ELSE'S ORIGINAL RESEARCH. |
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