278759
Description
Flashcards by christen0526, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by christen0526
over 12 years ago
|
|
| Question | Answer |
| the recognized violation of cultural norms | deviance |
| the violation of a society's formally enacted criminal law | crime |
| attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior | social control |
| the organizations -police, courts, and prison officials- that respond to alleged violations of the law | criminal justice system |
| the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions | labeling theory |
| a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity | stigma |
| the transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition | medicalization of deviance |
| crime committed by people of high social position in the course of their occupations | white-collar crime |
| the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf | corporate crime |
| a business supplying illegal goods or services | organized crime |
| a criminal act against a person or a person's property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias | hate crime |
| a legal negotiation in which a prosecutor reduces a charge in exchange for a defendant's guilty plea | plea bargaining |
| an act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime | retribution |
| the attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment | deterrence |
| a program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses | rehabilitation |
| rendering an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution | societal protection |
| later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes | criminal recidivism |
| correctional programs operating within society at large rather than behind prison walls | community-based corrections |
| crimes that direct violence or the threat of violence against others; also known as violent crimes | crimes against the person |
| crimes that involve theft of money or property belonging to others; also known as property crimes | crimes against property |
| violations of law in which there are no obvious victims | victimless crimes |
| a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy | social stratification |
| a change in position within the social hierarchy | social mobility |
| social stratification based on ascription, or birth | caste system |
| social stratification based on both birth and individual achievement | class system |
| social stratification based on personal merit | meritocracy |
| the degree of uniformity in a person's social standing across various dimensions of social inequality | status consistency |
| a shift in the social position of large numbers of people due more to changes in society itself than to individual efforts | structural social mobility |
| cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality | ideology |
| the functional analysis claiming that social stratification has beneficial consequences for the operation of society | Davis-Moore thesis |
| people who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits | capitalists |
| people who sell their labor for wages | proletarians |
| the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness | alienation |
| lower-prestige jobs that involve mostly mental activity | blue-collar occupations |
| higher-prestige jobs that involve mostly mental labor | white-collar occupations |
| a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality | socioeconomic status |
| buying and using products because of the "statement" they make about social position | conspicuous consumption |
| earnings from work or investments | income |
| the total value of money and other assets, minus outstanding debts | wealth |
| a change in social position occurring during a person's lifetime | intragenerational social mobility |
| upward or downward social mobility of children in relation to their parents | intergenerational social mobility |
| the lack of resources of some people in relation to those who have more | relative poverty |
| a lack of resources that is life-threatening | absolute poverty |
| the trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor | feminization of poverty |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.