27990982
Description
Flashcards by Jee Andrea, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jee Andrea
over 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Building blocks of rocks. | Minerals |
| Composed of one or more minerals. | Rocks |
| Also known as volcanic rocks. | Extrusive Igneous Rocks |
| Also known as molten rocks. | Magma |
| The Greek God of Underworld | Pluto |
| _____ came from the Latin word ignis which means _____ | Igneous Rocks and Fire |
| Rocks are classified by _____ | How they are formed |
| The process of _______ may occur either beneath the earth’s surface or following volcanic eruption at the surface. | Crystallization |
| 1. When molten rocks solidify at the surface 2. When molten rocks loses mobility before reaching the surface and crystallizes at depth | 1. Extrusive Igneous Rock 2. Intrusive Igneous Rock |
| Igneous Rocks can be categorized based on their _____ and ________ | Texture and Mineral Composition |
| Describes the overall appearance of the igneous rocks based on their size, shape, and arrangement of the interlocking crystals | Texture |
| depends on the rate of cooling. | Crystal Size |
| Consists of large crystals that are clearly visible to the eye (slow rate of cooling) Give example. | Phaneritic / Coarse-grained Ex. Rhyolite |
| Consists of small crystals that cannot be seen by the eye (fast rate of cooling) Give example. | Aphanitic / Fine-grained Ex. Granite |
| Consist of two minerals having a large difference in grain size. (two rates of cooling) Give example. | Porphyritic Ex. Andesite and Porphyritic |
| Non-crystalline and contain no mineral grains (very fast rate of cooling) Give example. | Glassy Ex. Obsedian |
| Larger grain of porphyritic Finer grain of porphyritic | Phenocryst Ground mass/matrix |
| Gas pockets | Vesicular |
| are usually made up of the light colored silicate minerals like Potassium feldspar and quartz. | Felsic Rocks |
| The "fel" and "sic" in Felsic Rocks refers to.. | Feldspar and Silica |
| Example of Felsic Rocks | Granite and Rhyolite |
| Used to describe rocks that are usually dark in color | Mafic Rocks |
| Example of Mafic Rocks | Pyroxene and Plagioclase Feldspar |
| Contain a mixture of both light and dark-colored minerals | Andesitic / Intermediate |
| Example of Andesitic Rocks | Amphibole and Diorite |
| Contain mostly dark-colored minerals | Ultramafic rocks |
| Example of Ultramafic | Olivine and Pyroxene |
| occurs when files of sediments accumulate and the materials below are compacted by the weight of the overlying layers | Compaction |
| Example of Compaction | Shale |
| the water that seeps through pore spaces between particles may contain cementing materials | Cementation |
| Common cements | Silica, calcite, iron oxide |
| formed from the accumulation of materials that originated from pre-existing rocks and was transported in the form of sediments as a result of mechanical and chemical weathering. | Detrital Sedimentary Rocks |
| Sediment name of Shale | Clay |
| Particle size of Siltstone | 1/256 mm |
| Detrital name of Gravel | Conglomerate |
| come from pre-existing rocks such as igneous, sedimentary, or even metamorphic rocks | Metamorphic rocks |
| Composition and rock name of the formula SiO2 | Quartz and Granite |
| Formula and composition of Gypsum Rock | CaSO4 / 2H2O Gypsum |
| Rock name and composition of CaCO3 | Coquina / Chalk Calcite |
| Metamorphic rocks described primarily by their ______ and ______ | Foliation and Grain Size |
| Causes chemical reactions that result in recrystallization of existing minerals and/or formation of new minerals | Heat |
| Most important agent of Metamorphism | Heat |
| the process of transformation of a parent rock | Metamorphism |
| causes the spaces between mineral grains in the buried rocks to close, producing more compact rock with higher density | Pressure |
| they act as catalysts to promote crystallization by enhancing ion migration that may change the composition of the rock | Chemically active fluids |
| 3 agents of metamorphism | Heat, Pressure, and Chemically active fluids |
| results in the mineral alignment perpendicular to the compressional force and usually gives the rock a layered or banded appearance. | Foliated Texture |
| is a finely grained rock composed mostly of mica and produced through the low-grade metamorphism of shale. | Slate |
| is a strongly foliated rock and described as platy meaning, the rock’s crystals are thin and leaf-like". Its types are based on composition. | schists |
| is a strong segregation of silicate minerals and exhibits a "banded" texture (alternating layers of light and dark minerals like granite. | gneiss |
| forms from quartz sandstone (parent rock); quartz grains are fused. | Quartzite |
| results when limestone (parent rock) is metamorphosed. There are large, interlocking crystals of calcite and is used as a building stone and has variety of colors. | Marble |
| contains equidimensional crystals and resembles a coarse-grained igneous rock | non-foliated texture |
| A source of energy from flowing water. | Hydroelectric |
| These are any source or supply that can be used to generate electricity | Energy resources |
| 2 types of energy resources | Renewable and Non-renewable energy resources |
| It is often called clean energy | Renewable energy resources |
| made of the manufacturing processes required to transform a resource to usable energy and to the impact using that energy itself. | biomass |
| Energy is released through _____ | Combustion |
| used to generate electricity from the wind. The wind turns the large blades and the blades turn a generator. | Wind energy |
| - uses energy from the sun. Solar panels transfer the sun’s energy to heat water. | Solar energy |
| is energy from the heat within the earth. | geothermal energy |
| Those energy resources that deplete and will not be replenished | Non-renewable energy resources |
| Is the most sought-after energy source due to its availability and it is relatively inexpensive | coal |
| Coal reserve could be up to _________ with a potential total of __________ | 470 million metric tons 2.39 billion metric tons |
| Largest deposit of coal in the Philippines is found in | Semirana Island in Antique |
| Is formed when the organic matter is compacted (removing the moisture) with subsequent burial | Peat |
| Is formed with further burial and additional heat and pressure | Lignite |
| Considered as soft coal | Bituminous Coal |
| A type of coal that Needs greater heat and pressure at depth | Anthracite |
| Forms from the remains of ancient microorganisms, as well as plant and animal matter. | Natural Gas |
| The process of drilling is called ____ which involves a procedure that uses high-pressured water to split apart underground rocks. | hydraulic fracturing or fracking |
| liquid form of natural gas | Liquified Natural Gas |
| Largest natural gas reserve is concentrated in _________ | Malampaya offshore field in Palawan. |
| Comes from the Latin words “petra” and oleum, which means “rock and “oil”, respectively. | Petroleum |
| The source of petroleum | tiny diatoms |
| A waxy material formed by diatoms | kerogen |
| A black tar-like substance Comprises the heaviest component of petroleum | Bitumen |
| The process of breaking carbon-carbon bonds in order to change heavier hydrocarbons into lighter ones | cracking |
| includes LPG, naphtha, and gasoline | light distillates |
| includes kerosene and diesel. | middle distillates |
| includes fuel oil, lubricating oil, waxes and tar. | heavy distillates |
| Largest oil reserve is concentrated in _______ | Malampaya oil rim |
| Promotes the development, utilization, and commercialization of renewable energy resources to achieve self-reliance and effectively prevent and reduce harmful emissions in order to have a balance of economic growth and development with ecologically-friendly environment. | RA 9513 / Renewable energy act of 2008 |
| Focuses primarily on pollution prevention rather than on control, and provides for a comprehensive management program for air pollution | RA 8749 / Philippine clean air act of 2009 |
| Used to harness heat energy released from underground steam and hot springs to spin turbines which generate electricity. | geothermal power plants |
| RA 9275 | Clean Water Act |
| AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES | RA 9003 / Solid Waste Management Act |
| top 8 biggest powerplant which has 289 MW | Tiwi |
| Where is Mak-Ban powerplant located? | Laguna |
| It is a powerplant located in Ormoc City | Malitbog |
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