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| Question | Answer |
| Q.What is a Heterogeneous mixture? | A mixture were one is able to see what substances are in it. |
| Q.What is a homogenous mixture? | A mixture were one cannot see the separation of a substance as all the substances in it are mixed together. |
| Q.What is a pure substance? | Pure substances are substances that contain only one kind of molecule. |
| Q.What is an atom? | The simplest particle that makes up matter. |
| Q.What is a proton? | A proton is positively charged and is found in the nucleus. |
| Q.What is a neutron? | A neutron is neutral and is found in the nucleus. |
| Q.What is an electron? | An electron is negatively charged and is found in the electron cloud around the central core(nucleus). |
| Q.What is a compound? | A compound is made up of two or more atoms chemically combined in a definite ratio. |
| Q.What is a mixture? | A mixture is made up of two or more atoms and has no definite ratio. |
| Q.What is an element? | An element is made up of only one kind of atom. |
| Q.What is the process of evaporation? | Heat is applied to a liquid and this makes the molecules move more quickly and it turns into a gas. |
| Q.What is the process of sublimation? | The process from of changing from a solid to a gas without passing through an intermediate liquid phase. |
| Q.What is the process of deposition? | The direct solidification of vapour by cooling. |
| Q.What is the process of melting? | A solid that becomes liquefied by heating. The particles start to get more heat energy and spread away. Their force of attraction is slightly less than that of a solid. |
| Q.What is the process of freezing/solidifaction? | Is a transition phase in which a liquid turns into a solid when it's temperature is lowered below its freezing point. |
| Q.What are the properties of a solid? | -Fixed positions -Fixed volume -Rigid -Cannot be squashed (compressed) -Occupy space -Have a mass |
| Q.What are the properties of a liquid? | -Fixed volume -No fixed shape -Not rigid -Cannot be squashed (compressed) -Occupy space -Have a mass |
| Q.What are the properties of a gas? | -No fixed shape -No fixed volume -Not rigid -Can be squashed (compressed) -Occupy space -Have a mass |
| Q.What is density? | Density is defined as the quantity of mass packed into a measured volume. Measured in (g/cm3). More particles in measured volume, have greater density and weight. |
| Q.What is the process of diffusion? | -Diffusion is the process where particles spread out from a higher concentration to a lower concentration -This is called the concentration gradient -A concentration gradient is the difference between two different concentrations in a substance (high to low). |
| Q.What is the process of convection? | -Convection is the process of heated particles and cool particles mixing -Particles mix, the heat energy from the heated particles makes the temperature rise in the cooler particles, heat energy -When provided with heat energy it makes the particles move faster and fly up -Convection current particles closest to the heat energy source start to move faster and expand (particles don't substance looks as if) |
| Q.What is happening to the particles in a solid? | -The particles do not have much heat energy -The particles are very close together and they vibrate next to each other -High force of attraction |
| Q.What is happening to the particles in a liquid? | -The particles have some heat energy so the particles begin to spread apart slightly -The particles force of attraction is weaker but still pretty strong -The particles slide past each other and can move |
| Q.What is happening to the particles in a gas? | -They have a lot of heat energy and are spread far apart -They don't have much of a force of attraction but they still have one -They fly past each other very quickly |
| Q.What is the independent variable on a graph? | -The independent variable is the thing you can change in your experiment -Located on the X axis |
| Q.What is the dependent variable? | -The dependent variable is the thing you can't change -Located on the Y axis |
| Q.Where is the X axis located? | -The X axis is the horizontal line -Independent variable |
| Q.Where is the Y axis located? | -The Y axis is the vertical line -This is the dependent variable |
| Q.What is a physical change? | -No new substances are formed -The particles are only rearranged -Reversible |
| Q.What is a chemical change? | -A new substance is formed -The atoms connect -Irreversible |
| Q.How do you find the amount of electrons in an atom? | -The atomic number is located at the top of each element on the periodic table -The atomic number is equal to the amount of electrons in the atom -Example: If the atomic number is 18 then the amount of electrons will be 18 |
| Q.How do you find the amount of protons in an atom? | -The amount of protons in an atom is equal to the amount of electrons |
| Q.How do you find the amount of neutrons in an atom? | -The mass number of an element on the periodic table can be found at the bottom of each element -To find the amount of neutrons you have, take away the atomic number from the mass number |
| Q.Where is the atomic number located? | -The atomic number is located at the very top of each element on the periodic table -The atomic number corresponds to what element is located on the periodic table -Example: If the element is number 18 then the atomic number will be 18 |
| Q.Where are the groups located on the periodic table? | -The groups are located at the top of the periodic table and they go downwards -They are numbered with roman numerals all the way to 8 -Example: I,II,II,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII -Exactly the same as: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 |
| Q.Where are the periods (rows) located on the periodic table? | -Rows are located on the side of the periodic table -There are seven rows and depending on which row the element is located corresponds to the amount of electron shells the element has -The rows are numbered by numbers -Example: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 but downwards |
| Q.What do you need on a scientific graph? | -Title -Appropriate scale -Key -Independent variable on the X axis -Dependent variable on the Y axis -Labeled axes (including units of measure) -Accurate plotting |
| Q.How do you tell if something is denser and what is it measured in? | -Measured in (g/cm3). -More particles in measured volume, have greater density and weight. |
| Q.What does all the elements in a single group have in common? | They all share the same number of electrons in their outermost shell. Example: V=5 electrons in the outermost shell |
| Q.What do all the elements have in common in a single period (row)? | It indicates how many shells the element has. Example: 1=1 electron shell |
| Q.What are the two rules for writing chemical formulas? | -You use a capital letter -When you have two letters the second one must be in lower case |
| Q.Why do some elements start with letters other than the english letters? | The element is using its latin name. |
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