2903221
Description
Flashcards by Charles Garand, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charles Garand
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Communism | A political doctrine that seeks to abolish private property and the sharing of society's resources. |
| Conservativism | Ideology that defends traditional values and opposes prosgressivism. |
| Liberalism | Ideology whose aim is to promote individual freedom and a limited role for the state. |
| Left Wing | Promotion of social progress, reform, freedom and equality, also known as progressivism |
| Right Wing | Defence of traditions, rejection of rapid change and defence of social order. |
| Supply | The quantity of a good or service. |
| Greenhouse Gases | Gases that are present in the atmosphere which destroy the ozone layer. |
| Overexploitation | Refers to the world's exploitation of resources exceeding the Earth's capacity for renewal of these resources. |
| Biodiversity | The diversity and variety of living organisms. This includes plants and animals. |
| Developed Countries | The wealthiest countries in the world, having a high GDP per capita and Human Development Index above 0.8. Also known as Northern Countries. |
| Developing Countries | Countries that are in an intermediate position between developed countries and least advanced countries. |
| Pollution | Pollution refers to harmful human activity that affects the environment. |
| Global Warming | Humans release a large quantity of pollutants into the atmosphere. These pollutants destroy the ozone lyer which allow solar radiation into our atmosphere. This also prevents the heat from the Earth's surface to release, creating a rise in global temperatures. |
| 2 Consequences of Global Warming | - Melting of glaciers and ice caps. - Shrinking biodiversity. |
| Sustainable Development | A form of development designed to respond to current needs without compromising the capacity to satisfy those of future generations. Takes into account Economic, Social and Ecological factors. |
| Renewable Energy | Are natural energy resources that can be reused infinitely. |
| Renewable Energy Sources | Fossil fuels, hydroelectric (water). nuclear, solar and wind. |
| The Kyoto Protocol | An agreement signed in 1992 by several countries at the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in an effort to reduce Greenhouse Gases. |
| Outcome of the Kyoto Protocol | China refused to sign as they believed they were contiuing to development, unlike most of the other countries whom had already developed. The US refused to sign because they believed it was a flawed document and would be a costly compromise. |
| Clandestine Migration | Referrs to illegal or hidden migration, often from less developed countries to more developed countries. |
| Assimilation | Where immigrants abandon their culture for the culture in their new country. |
| Refugee | Is a person outside of their home country, unwilling to return to their home country for fear of persecution because of race, religion or beliefs. Victims of famine and collateral damage would also be considered refugees. |
| Globalization | A phenomenon of accelerated human exchanges at a global level, particularly with respect to the economy, goods, services and labour. The internet helped accelerate this. |
| Diasporas | Large groups of immigrants who settle in foreign countries due to the social, economic or political well-being of their home country. |
| Urbanization | The establishment and the of cities with respect both to population and territory, which are tightly related. |
| Immigration | To arrive into a foreign country from another. |
| Emmigration | To leave one's home country for another. |
| Shantytowns | Are located on the periphery of a city and house the poorest residents, they are densely populated. |
| Network | Ties, connections and affiliations between countries and communities. |
| Migrant Profile | Is the profile of a migrant that includes nationality, economic status and reason for migration. |
| Brain Drain | When the most intelligent and skilled leave their home country to work or study elsewhere. |
| Benefits of Diasporas | - Increase in employment rate for country of arrival. - Home countries get money sent back to them. |
| Reasons for Immigration | - War in the home country - Bad gobvernance in home country - Poverty/disease in home country. |
| Migration Towards Cities | The reason many immigrants migrate towards cities is because there are many job opportunities in the city. |
| Urban Planning | Some believe that urban areas should be concisely and appropriately planned and built to accomodate to the population, while others believe that they should grow freely. |
| a State | - Must have a territory - Must be recognized in the international arena - Must be sovereign - Must have a population - Must have a government - Must be an international personality |
| NGOs | Are non-governmental organizations whose aim is to sensitize political leaders through research about social, economic and political issues. |
| Protectionism | An economic policy that prevents free trade to the state from outside the colony. |
| Multinational Corporations | Are corporations that extend beyond one single countr, like McDonalds, Nike, and Adidas. |
| Sovereignty | A sovereign country is a country that holds exclusive power and authority. |
| NAFTA | The the North American Free Trade Agreement between the USA, Mexico and Canda, which was designed to remove tariff barriers. |
| Free Trade | Is trade between countries without tariffs, quotas or restrictions. |
| World Bank Group | Is a family of five organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries around the world. |
| IMF | Is the International Monetary Fund which is an organization composed of 188 countries working together for the benefit of the world's economy. |
| Economic Sanctions | Are economic barriers and restrictions placed on one country by another. |
| 3 Advantages of NAFTA | - Together, Canada, Mexico and the United States have a Gross Domestic Product of $20.08 trillion. - It opens the doors for a level playing field in all three countries. -Employment rate is higher in all three countries. |
| CIDA | Is the Canadian International Development Agency, which administers foreign aid programs to developing countries from Canada. |
| International Aid | Financial, material, technological, academic and constructive aid from foreign countries. |
| Human Development Index | A statistical tool used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. |
| Welfare States | Are state whose government wants to develop social policies aimed at reducing inequalities. |
| 8 Millennium Development Goals | - Reduce poverty and hunger - Achieve universal elementary education - Promote gender equality - Reduce child mortality - Improve maternal health - Fight disease such as HIV/AIDS - Ensure Environmental Sustainability - Develop Global Partnership |
| Emergency Aid | Temporary aid for countries facing famine, drought, or the aftermath of a natural disaster. |
| Southern Countries | Are developing countries, with HDIs between 0.5 and 0.8, experiencing fast growth and human development. |
| Big Mac Index | An index used to measure purchasing power parity between nations, using the price of a Big Mac as a benchmark. |
| Fair Trade | The idea that some countries should have the right to more effectively compete with industrialized societies, especially when it comes to essential products, to which everyone should have access. |
| Ideology | A political ideology such as conservatism, democracy, or communism. |
| Diplomacy | Most national and international conflicts are resolved through diplomacy with discussions and agreements. |
| Conflict | Political, social or economic tension between two or more countries. |
| Culture | Refferrs to national, religious and social identity. |
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