2946554
| Question | Answer |
| nutrient | - to feed, nurse, support, preserve -anything that nourishes a living being -needed for growth, metabolism n other body functions |
| types of nutrients | -macronutrients : nutrients that provide calories or energy (cho, protein & fat) -micronutrients : necessary in tiny amounts. commonly referred as vit & minerals |
| importances of nutrients | -nutrients n experimental result -diet n wellbeing -diet n animal model |
| factors affecting nutrient requirement | -genetics -stages of life -environmental impact microbiological status -research condition nutrient interaction |
| GENETICS | -genetic differences among species, breeds, strain, sexes n individuals may affect nutrient requirement |
| STAGES OF LIVE | -nutrient requirements changes during stages of life cycle (growth, pregnancy, lactation) -synthesis of tissues or products requires amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, glucose, or other substrates as well as increased amounts of vitamins n associated cofactors |
| ENVIROMENTAL IMPACTS | affect nutrients requirements (temp, light cycle, ...) |
| MICROBIOLOGICAL STATUS | -Normal condition: normal microflora of d digestive tract which generate various water-soluble vitamin n amino acids - |
| RESEARCH CONDITIONS | -experimental procedures may produce stress and alter food intake in food restriction protocol |
| NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS | -alteration in dietary energy density usually cause a change in food intake -eg: high-energy diet; may be necessary to increase nutrient concentrations in d diet to compensate for decreased food consumption -competition for absorption sites among certain mineral that share common active transport systems |
| FORMULATION OF DIET TYPE | -diet formulation: process of selecting d kinds n amounts of ingredient to be used in d production of a diet -choice of ingredient will be influenced by 1. species to be fed 2. d experimental @ production objectives - must take account estimated nutrient requirement, possible nutrient loss during manufacturing n storage, bioavailability of nutrient n potential nutrient interactions |
| FORMULATION OF DIET TYPE | -IDEAL DIET -FEED FORMS FEED TREATMENT |
| IDEAL DIET | -sufficiently palatable to ensure adequate food consumption -nutritionally balanced so that d nutrient essential for the objective r provided -free of substances or microorganism that may be toxic @ cause infection -readily reproducible to ensure that d results can be verified by additional studies |
| FEED FORMS INCLUDE | 1. pellet 2. semi moist 3. gel 4. liquid 5. powder |
| FEED TREATMENT | -autoclave: may depleted d nutrient availability -pasteurisation: 60'c/ 30 min, may cause irradiation |
| CLASSIFICATION OF DIETS | a. natural-ingredient diet b. fixed-formula diets c. purified diets d. chemically defined diets |
| NATURAL-INGREDIENT DIETS | formulated with agricultural products n by-products such as -whole grains -mill by-products -high protein meals -mined or processed mineral sources * inexpensive to manufacture *is palatable for most lab animals *high variations in d composition * potential for contamination with pesticide residues, heavy metals or other agents * not useful for toxicology studies, studies to determine micronutrient requirements n immunological studies |
| FIXED- FORMULA DIETS | -alternative approach to natural ingredient diet -aka open-formula diet -kinds and amounts of ingredients do x vary from batch to batch -contain multiple sources of protein, fat n cho --> reduce variation - increase d probabilty of ultra-trance minerals provided at appropriate conc. |
| PURIFIED DIETS | -diet that r formulated with a more refined n restricted set of ingredients -only relatively pure n invariant ingredients used in these formulation - nutrient conc. r less variable n more easily controlled via formulation -potential for chemical contamination is low -often used in studies of specific nutritional deficiencies n excesses - x readily consumed by all species expensive to produce |
| CHEMICALLYDEFINED DIETS | -made w d most elemental ingredients such as individual a.a., specific sugar, chemically defined triglycerides, essential fatty acid, inorganic salts n vitamins -highest degree of control over nutrient conc. x readily consumed by most species of lab animals too expensive for general use |
| NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR RAT | depending on size, a rat typically eat about 15g of dry food/day, 60 calories/days |
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