2957451
Flashcards by Hayley Pfeffer, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hayley Pfeffer
almost 6 years ago
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Description
| Question | Answer |
| Whci organs does the lymphohaemmopoeitic system invovle? | LNs spleen thymus MALT (GALT and bLAT) BM |
| Function of LNs? | Filter lymph- remove foreign partcles, metastic tumor cells,recycle erythrocytes Immune responses- recognise antigen, recruite T lymphocytes, start cell proliferation + antibody synthesis |
| what is lymph adenopathy? | enlarged LNs |
| what are the two causes of lymphadenopathy? | 1. inflammation 2. Neoplasia |
| Inflammation of the LNs may be due to? | reactive (hyperplastic) nodes lymphadenitis |
| Reactive (hyperplastic) nodes = | enlarged due to being secondary to drainage from inflammation from another site. Node itself not infected |
| Lymphadenitis | primary inflammation of the node itself often due to node itself becoming infected |
| Supperative lymphadenitis; cause and shwat do you see? | bacteria, many neutrophils in node |
| Eosinophilic lymphadenitis; what do you see and what is the cause? | many eosinophils in node Allergy or initial parasitic infection |
| How do you decide what is causing lymphadenopathy? | cytology- FNA histology- biopsy |
| Spleenic functions? | -defense against blood borne pathogens -removal of abnormal or aged RBCs -haemoatopoeisis ( major organ in fetus and neonates, can revert this function in adults if necessary) -storgae or erythrocytes and platelets |
| Splenomegaly | enlarged spleen |
| 4 major gross presentations of splenomegaly? | 1. big bloody spleen 2. big meaty spleen 3. bloody splenic nodules 4. firmer splenic nodules |
| Describe the big bloody spleen? | -diffuse uniform enlargement -dark red -oozes blood |
| What causes a big bloody spleen? | congestion- less blood getting out |
| what is a common cause of a big bloody spleen seen PM? | barbituate euthanasia |
| Describe the big meaty spleen | Diffuse uniform enlargement often paler than normal minimal blood oozing dense |
| Why is the big meaty spleen dense? | has more cells -neoplasia -chronic haemolytic anaemia |
| 3 diagnoses for big meaty spleen in cats? how do you differentiate? | lymphoma myeloproliferative dz MCT aspirate |
| Describe bloody splenic nodules | non uniform enlargement nodules with bloody consistency |
| What may cause bloody splenic nodules? | haemangiosarcoma haemangioma haematoma nodular hyperplasia |
| Describe firm splenic nodules | non-uniform enlargement nodules with firm consistency- paler, minimal blood ooze |
| What can cause firm splenic nodules? | neoplasia- lymphoma nodular hyperplasia |
| What is the prognosis of haemangioma? | good benign tumor of vascular endothelium |
| what is a haemangiosarcoma? prognosis? | poor malignant tumor of vascular endothelium |
| prognosis of nodular hypoplasia? | good |
| What is a haematoma and prognosis? | blood clot good |
| What is the function of the thymus? | essential for T cell development |
| What happens to the thymus with age? | gets smaller involutes after sexual maturity- replaced by fat and CT |
| What are the causes of small thymus?... a rare condition | viral infections zinc deficiency severe protein deficiency congenital immunodeficiency |
| Thymic haemorrhage | idiopathic thymic haemorrahge seen in dogs -consider rat bait as DDx |
| The big thymus | neoplasia -lymphoma or thyoma |
| lymphoma | malignant lympoid tumor |
| Thyoma | Primary thymic neoplasm- malignant thymic epithelial cells |
| Thyoma prognosis? | fair to poor |