296783
Description
Flashcards by WallisSophia , updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by WallisSophia
over 10 years ago
|
|
| Question | Answer |
| Define Chromosome | A chromosome is a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of most living cells, it contains genetic information in the form of genes |
| Gene | A short length of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular characteristic |
| Allele | Different forms of the same gene, they can be dominant or recessive |
| Nucleotide | Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of DNA. Made up of a sugar, a phosphate and a base |
| Base | Parts of the DNA that are involved in pairing. The bases are A, T, G , C |
| Variation | The differences between organisms within a population. Can be continuos or discontinuous |
| Mitosis | Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs wherever more cells are needed (growth and repair) producing two new cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells and each other. |
| Meiosis | Type of cell division that occurs in the testes and ovaries. It produces four new cells (gametes) that are different to each other and to the parent cell. They contain half the chromosomes that are in the parent cell. |
| Gamete | Male or female reproductive cells (sperm and ova) that contain half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell. |
| Zygote | A fertilised ova (egg) that contains the full set of chromosomes. |
| Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction only involving only one parent. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other |
| Sexual Reproduction | Reproduction involving two parents, the offspring are different to the parent and each other |
| Trait | Genetically determined characteristic |
| Mutation | Change in the base sequence of DNA |
| Genotype | The particular alleles of an organism |
| Phenotype | The observable characteristics of an individual resulting from its genotype |
| Homozygous | An individual with two alleles that are the SAME for a particular trait |
| Hetrozygous | An individual with two alleles that are DIFFERENT for a particular trait |
| Pedigree Chart | A diagram that shows the phenotype of related individuals |
| Test Cross | A cross between an organism whose genotype for a certain trait is unknown and an organism that is homozygous recessive for that trait. The unknown genotype can be determined by the offspring. |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.