30514682
Description
Flashcards by Janelle Roco, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by Janelle Roco
about 3 years ago
|
|
| Question | Answer |
| set of moral and social codes of behavior and conduct | Ethics |
| attempts to systematize, defend, and recommend concepts of right and wrong behavior | Ethical theories |
| code where legal obligations are enforceable by the state's power without regard to an individual's conscience penalties enforced by law when you break it | legal code |
| the pursuit of wisdom | Philosophy |
| code wherein moral obligation focuses on an individual's conscience or on society's opinion about behavior when you break it, there is possible disapproval from segments of society | Ethical code |
| Why is ethics important in HC? | HC professionals encounter people with different ethical beliefs that can affect how they consider medical treatments for a particular patient |
| branch of ethical theory that considers the origin and meaning of ethical principles | Metaethics |
| set forth, principles that govern the moral and ethical conduct of all members of an organization | Code of Ethics |
| Describe the two branches of metaethics | 1. Ethical principles that exist independently and can be classified as eternal law from the universe or from a divine source 2. Ethical principles from people's beliefs that are created collectively or individually |
| What should an HCW consider when working with patients with a set of religious or ethical belief? | - pain management - approach to life and death - reproductive health |
| a branch of ethical theory that involves determining the standards that regulate right and wrong conduct | Normative Ethics |
| Branches of Normative Ethics | 1. Virtue theory 2. Consequentialist theory 3. Duty theory |
| normative theory where character of a person as displayed by the virtues they possess Also identifies virtues or character traits people should cultivate | Virtue theory |
| Virtues that should be cultivated in the medical field | - Competent - Careful - Compassionate |
| a normative ethical theory that believes that an action is morally right if the consequences of that actions are favorable from where many ethical dilemmas of medine are framed | consequentialist theory |
| a person's obligation from the standpoint of morality | Duty theory |
| taken by physicians and pertains to the ethical practice of medicine | Hippocratic Oath |
| proper form of social interaction in a given culture or community | Etiquette an art of interaction |
| Medical etiquette | - politeness - professional dress courtesy - special courtesies depending on their work setting |
| Why is healthcare in US an ethical issue? | Access to healthcare is determined by wealth rather than medical or ethical principles |
| signed into law by Pres. Obama on March 2010 making health insurance coverage mandatory and subsidizing or helping to pay for private insurance acquired by the poor | Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act or Affordable Care Act (ACA) |
| payment system endorsed by many physicians wherein HC costs are paid primarily by the government rather than multiple private insurers | Single-payer system |
| How can an insurer-controlled healthcare system affect the decision of doctors/HCW? | Doctors' treatment decision is affected by the limitations on what insurers will cover in terms of service type, cost, and duration |
| it is a list of approved drugs from which doctors must prescribe to have insurance cover the pharmaceuticals | Formulary |
| a practice of traveling to other countries for medical procedures because of lower costs | Medical tourism |
| an epidemic that becomes very widespread and affects a whole region, continent, or the world | Pandemic |
| code that forbids performing medical experiments on humans without their consent | Nuremberg Code |
| requires that patients give informed consent before the start of any medical treatment | Patient Autonomy |
| takes autonomy away from the patients and gives it to the medical personnel or the govt. for society's benefit | Medical Paternalism |
| Approved by FDA in 1996 permitting emergency research without patient consent under certain conditions | Exception for Informed Consent (EFIC) |
| a non-profit organization operating the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) and organ allocation | United Network for Organ Sharing |
| established OPTN in 1984 in order to have a national system to address fair allocation of organ for transplant | National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 |
| an act that authorizes gifts of the body or any part of the body | Uniform Anatomical Gift Act |
| allows surrogate decision-maker to attempt to establish what decision an incompetent patient would make if they were competent to do so | Substituted judgment/consent (Strunk v. Strunk) |
| this case stated that children cannot participate in health-related studies with known hazards without prior judicial approval | Grimes v. Kennedy Kieger Institute. Inc. |
| caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus and was believed to originate from Africa; used to be called gay-related immune deficiency | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) |
| What should an HCW/physician do when they discover that their patient is infected with HIV? | An HCW/doctor has a right to decline patients but only when the physician-patient relationship has not been established. An HCW has a legal and ethical duty to treat patient and to avoid engaging in stigmatizing behaviors |
| adopted in 2000 to increase the safety of needle use during treatment of patients with bloodborne pathogens | Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act |
| Examples of nonnatural conception | 1. Test-tube fertilization 2. Artificial insemination |
| The difference of embryo adoption and embryo donation is | an ethical issue of whether an embryo is a person or property |
| science that deals with "improving" hereditary qualities | Eugenics |
| encourages reproduction by those considered geneticaly superior | Positive Eugenics |
| limits or discourages reproduction by those considered to be genetically inferior | Negative Eugenics |
| A medical technique used to test fetal DNA in amniotic fluid, allowing physicians to identify genetic abnormalities from birtt | Amniocentesis |
| a couple will be allowed to proceed with a wrongful death suit against a fertility clinic that inadvertently discarded their fertilized egg | Miller v. American Infertility Group 2005 |
| a state law regulating contraceptive use by married persons is an invasion of privacy (governmental intrusion | Griswold v. Connecticut 1965 |
| US SC made a landmark decision regarding abortion by applying the rights to privacy to abortion | Roe v. Wade 1973 |
| when a fetus begins to move in utero | Quickening |
| SC replaced trimester approach with undue burden; before the fetus becomes viable, a woman's right to terminate the pregnancy is subject only to restrictions that don't place undue burden on the right to have abortion after fetus becomes viable, state have a right to restric abortion with exceptions | Planned Parenthood of Southern Pennsylvania v. Casey |
| approved by FDA in 2000 known as RU-486; used in nonsurgical or medical abortion | mifepristone |
| make causing the death of a fetus a crime separate and independent from any crime committed against the woman carrying a fetus | Fetal Homicide Laws |
| allow the estate of a stillborn child to sue for injuries inflicted on the fetus while in the womb if the fetus was viable at the time injuries were inflicted | Tort of Wrongful Life |
| a child born with a painful congenital deformity that was detectable but wasn't detected or disclosed while abortion was an option | Wrong Life |
| parent's claim against a doctor for damages caused by the birth of a child that occur when a doctor fails to detect and disclose a child's birth defects in time to permit abortion | Wrongful Birth |
| instructions people may give regarding their wishes concerning medical treatment in the event that they're unable to make those decisions | Advanced Medical Directives |
| Advance Medical Directives examples | - Living Wills - DPA or Durable Power of Attorney - Patients' Right to Die (PRD) - Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991 - Assisted Suicide - Euthanasia - Do-Not-Resuscitate Oder |
| different from a DNR order, it expresses patient's wishes regarding are in the event of a terminal condition; needs to be extremely detailed | Living Will |
| authorizes a person to make medical decisions for an incapacitated patient | Durable Power of Attorney or DPA |
| in Cruzan v. Director, Missouri DOH case, the patient have the rights to reject medical treatment that could sustain life - establish the right of patients to express their wish directly in an advanced medical directive | Patients' Right to Die |
| requires hospital that receive Medicare and Medicaid fund to provide written info to each patient concerning patient's right under state law to make decisions concerning medical care and formulate AMD | Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991 |
| convicted of illegally administering a controlled substance without a license to practice medicine | Jack Kevorkian |
| when a patient takes action to terminate their life using means supplied by another person ruled by the 14th Ammendment that it doesn't creat a fundamental right to assisted suicide; unconstitutional in Canada | Assisted Suicide |
| "mercy killing"; when a person takes action that causes the death of another person to relieve suffering illegal in US; practiced in Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Neatherlands in narrow circumstances | Euthanasia |
| prevent efforts to resuscitate those who have exhibited signs of death; raises common ethical issue in medicine | Do-N0t-Resuscitate Order |
| person who is authorized to make decision for another person | Proxy |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.