Challoner 2021: EdExcel GCSE Physics Paper 1 (Specific Topics)

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gcse Physics Flashcards on Challoner 2021: EdExcel GCSE Physics Paper 1 (Specific Topics), created by Malachy Moran-Tun on 28/04/2021.
Malachy Moran-Tun
Flashcards by Malachy Moran-Tun, updated more than 1 year ago
Malachy Moran-Tun
Created by Malachy Moran-Tun almost 3 years ago
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Question Answer
What Equation Relates Speed, Distance and Time? Speed = Distance ÷ Time or Distance = Speed * Time or Time = Distance ÷ Speed
What is Newton's First Law? > Resultant force is needed to make something start moving, speed up, or slow down > Anything moving at a constant velocity has a resultant force of 0 (the forces are balanced)
What is Newton's Second Law? > Acceleration is proportional to the resultant force > F = m × a
Label the Parts of the Velocity-Time Graph
What is Ultrasound? Sound with Frequencies above 20,000 Hz (above Human Range of Hearing)
Fill in the Blank: Ultrasound Waves get ________ ________ at Boundaries Ultrasound Waves get PARTIALLY REFLECTED at Boundaries
How can the Partial Reflection of Ultrasound be Useful? Measure how far away the boundary is
What are some Examples of the Uses of Ultrasound? > Ultrasound Imaging > Sonar > probably other stuff idk
What Equation links Distance, Wavespeed and Time? Distance (m) = Wavespeed (m/s) × Time (s) or v = x ÷ t or t = x ÷ v
What is a Convex Lens? > Converging lens > Bulges outwards in the middle > Causes parallel rays of light to be brought together > Principal focus is where the rays hitting the lens all meet
What Type of Image do Convex Lenses Form? Real Images
How do you Draw a Ray Diagram for a Convex Lens? > Pick a point on the top of the object > Draw a ray going from the object to the lens parallel to the axis > Draw another ray from the top to the middle of the lens > The top parallel (incident) ray is refracted through the focal point > The pay passing through the middle does not bend
Fill in the Blank: Electrons can be ______ to Higher _______ _______ Electrons can be EXCITED to Higher ENERGY LEVELS
How does an Inner Electron Move Up to a Higher Energy Level / Shell? Absorbs Electromagnetic Radiation with the Right Amount of Energy
What Happens to an Excited Electron after it Moves Up to a Higher Energy Level? Quickly Falls Back into its Original Energy Level. This Emits the Same Amount of Energy it Absorbed
What is Half-Life? A game that can't count to 3 (damnit valve) or The average time taken for the number of radioactive nuclei of an isotope to halve or The time taken for the activity to halve
How Dangerous are Sources with a Short Half-Life? Very: they emit an extremely high amount of radiation initially. However, after the become safer
How Dangerous are Sources with a Long Half-Life? Not as dramatically dangerous as short, however, nearby areas are exposed to radiation for millions of years, so they're also quite dangerous
How does Electromagnetic Radiation change Temperatures? > Power Emitted > Absorbed - temperature falls > Power Emitted < Absorbed - temperature rise > Power Emitted = Absorbed - temperature stays constant
What is the Life-Cycle of a Star? 1. Nebula 2. Protostar 3. Main Sequence Star Then either > Red Supergiant > Supernova > Neutron Star / Black Hole or > Red Giant > White Dwarf (check revision guide page for easy diagram)
What is a Nebula? A cloud of dust and gas which will form into a star
How does a Nebula turn into a Protostar and then a Main Sequence Star? > Force of gravity pulls the dust together > This forms a protostar > Temperature rise causes the protostar to get denser > When the temperature gets high enough (a cool 10,000,000°C approx.), nuclear fusion allows the formation of helium nuclei > This releases a huge amount of energy, keeping the core hot - it is now a main sequence star
Why are Main Sequence Stars Stable? > Outward pressure caused by the thermal expansion (energy produced by nuclear fusion that tries to expand the star) is balanced with the force of gravity pulling inwards > Typically, main sequence stars can last several billion years > The heavier the star, the shorter its time on main sequence
How do Main Sequence Stars turn into Red (Super)Giants? > Hydrogen in thee core runs out > Force due to gravity becomes larger than thermal expansion > Core of the star is compressed > Until it is sense and hot enough that the energy released makes the outer layers of the star expand > It is red since the surface cools
How does a Red Giant become a White Dwarf? > Similar sized star to the Sun > Becomes unstable and ejects its outer layers > Leaves behind a hot, dense, solid core
How does a Red Supergiant become a Supernova? > Big stars > Undergo nuclear fusion to make heavier elements > Expand and contracts several times as the balance between thermal expansion and gravity frantically shifts > Eventually, the star explodes into a supernova
How does a Supernova become a Neutron Star or Black Hole? > Throws outer layers of dust and gas into space > Leaving a very dense core called a neutron star > If the star is massive enough, it will collapse and become a black hole
What is the Big Bang Theory? > An American Sitcom with Only One Joke or > All Matter in the Universe initially occupied a Very Small Space > It was Dense and approx. a KJGHPILLION degrees (Kelvin obviously) > It then Exploded and started Expanding > There is a Finite Age for the Universe
How is Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Evidence for the Big Bang? The Radiation suggests the Universe was once much Hotter and Denser, so it must have had an initial beginning.
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