3189977
Description
Flashcards by Jessica Margaux Mercado, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jessica Margaux Mercado
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| uniformly pigmented macule or patch; irregular border; 0.5-1.5cm; benign | CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; significant if >6 spots, >1.5cm |
| deposition of melanin (extremities, gingiva, areas w/ lots of friction) | ADDISON'S |
| bronze, dark, or grayish black pigmentation | HEMOCHROMATOSIS (due to iron deposition in pancreas) indication of DM |
| yellow skin; icteric sclera | JAUNDICE; inc serum bilirubin, RBC hemolysis |
| yellow discoloration; sclera not affected | CAROTENEMIA; not harmful, dietary intake |
| yellow tinge; sallow appearance (nails, lips, mucus membranes, palpebral conjunctiva) | ANEMIA; best seen in areas where stratum corneum is thinnest |
| chalky or milky white patches; periorificial areas (perioral, periorbital, umbilicus, perianal) | VITILIGO; autoimmune, acquired loss of melanin; other autoimmune (Grave's, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism) |
| hypopigmentation w/ slightly scaly macules on trunk and upper arms | TINEA VERSICOLOR |
| redness | ERYTHEMA; inc cutaneous blood flow (inflammation, drug eruption, viral exanthem) |
| dark brown pigmentation; what drug? | CLOFAZIMINE |
| yellow pigmentation; what drug? | QUINICRINE |
| bluish pigmentation; what drug? | AMIODARONE, MINOCYCLINE |
| rapid assessment of tissue hydration; speed with which it returns to place after lifting up | SKIN TURGOR |
| short, fine, inconspicuous relatively pigmented hair | VELLUS |
| coarse, thick, more conspicuous, pigmented hair | TERMINAL |
| excessive hair (androgen-dependent growth areas: upper lip, cheeks, chin, central chest, lower abd, groin) | HIRSUTISM; PCOS, Endocrine |
| clearly demarcated coin-shaped bald patches w/ 1 or 2 possible lesions; very clean (no scaling/inflamm), shiny; young adults and children | ALOPECIA AREATA; autoimmune |
| exclamation point hairs (stub-like) | ALOPECIA AREATA |
| hair loss: entire scalp | ALOPECIA TOTALIS |
| hair loss: generalized or universal (scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, axillary, pubic) | ALOPECIA UNIVERSALIS |
| Scalp: reddish to purple plaque, elevated, hyperkeratinosis, surface is scarred | DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; 2˚ systemic scarring alopecia |
| diminished hair shaft production due to marked inhibition of anagen; profound hair loss | ANAGEN EFFLUVIUM; chemotherapy, radiotherapy |
| Shedding of hair (seen in Px w/ high grade fever, viral infection, 2-4 mos after birth) | TELOGEN EFFLUVIUM; hormonal problem |
| Nails: oil spots, loosening of nail, onycholysis, pitting | PSORIASIS VULGARIS |
| painless separation of nail plate from nail bed; starts distally progresses proximally, enlarging free edge | ONYCHOLYSIS |
| nails: proximal white & distal pink/brown w./ sharp demarcation | LINDSAY'S NAILS; renal disease |
| nail: thin, concave, edges everted | SPOON NAILS/KOILONYCHIA; faulty iron metab, hemochromatosis |
| bulbous swelling of soft tissue at nail base w/ loss of normal angle bet nail and proximal nail fold | CLUBBING; nail bed feels spongy or floating, vasodilation; cardiac and CHD (e.g. Tetralogy of Fallot) |
| multiple, minute, vesicular lesion in a linear arrangement; exposed areas e.g. arms | PHYTODERMATITIS |
| bull's eye/iris lesions; periphery: halo-like erythema center: papule, vesicle, purpura, bullae or erythema; extremities e.g. palms & soles | SJS/ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME |
| vesicles w/ erythematous base; mucocutaneous, asymmetric lesions; mucocutaneous angle in mouth | HSV1; HSV2: genital area |
| granulomatous; annular/ring-like lesion w/ prominent border | TINEA CAPITIS/CORPORIS fungal infection, HIV Px |
| cholesterol deposits; reddish or yellow | XANTHOMA; essential hyperlipidemia, 2˚ hyperlipidemia |
| eryhematous lesion similar to herpes, but asymmetric (dermatomal, zosteriform) | SHINGLES/ HERPES ZOSTER |
| circumscribed, flat lesion, differ in color, <1cm (basic skin lesion) | MACULE *maculosquamous: fine scaling occurs w/o trauma; does not involve any change in thickness or texture of skin |
| circumsribed, flat lesion, >1cm (basic skin lesion) | PATCH |
| <1cm, solid elevated lesion, can be: dome-shaped or flat-topped (basic skin lesion) | PAPULE |
| mesa-like elevation, surface area > ht; >1cm (basic skin lesion) | PLAQUE; scratching --> lichenification |
| palpable, solid, rounded/oval lesion; marble-like lesion, >0.5cm; deeper; hard, soft, movable, fixed, etc. (basic skin lesion) | NODULE |
| irregular, relatively transient, superficial are of localized skin edema (basic skin lesion) | WHEALS |
| evanescent, flat/rounded papule or plaque, pinkish, unstable erythematous borders w/ pale centers | HIVES/URTICARIA |
| skin becomes raised and inflamed when stroked, scratched, rubbed, or slapped | DERMOGRAPHISM; atopic dermatitis |
| circumscribed lesion (up to 1cm), contains serous fluid (basic skin lesion) | VESICLE; arise form cleavage at various skin levels |
| several minute vesicles coalescing in mucocutaneous junctions | HERPES SIMPLEX |
| several minute vesicles in sides of fingers associated w/ atopic dermatitis | DISHYDROTIC ECZEMA |
| intraepidermal, filled w/ serous fluid (basic skin lesion) | BULLA; PEMPHIGOUS VULGARIS |
| subepidermal; filled w/ serious fluid (basic skin lesion) | BULLA; BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID |
| circumscribed raised lesion w/ purulent exudate (basic skin lesion) | PUSTULE |
| deep necrotizing folliculitis | FURUNCLE |
| coalescing furuncles | CARBUNCLE |
| lesions that have lysed; when serum, blood, or purulent exudates dry on skin surface (2˚ skin lesion) | CRUST; yellow: serum yellow/green: purulent (Pseudomonas) brown/dark red: blood (SJS) honey-colored: impetigo |
| linear cleavage or cracks resulting from excess dryness; painful (heels, anal area, angles of mouth) (2˚ skin lesion) | FISSURE |
| superficial excavations of epidermis; may be linear or punctate (2˚ skin lesion) | EXCORIATIONS; 2˚ to chronic scratching |
| thickening of skin, accentuation of normal skin markings, hyperpigmentation, induration (ankles, nape, knee, elbow) (2˚ skin lesion) | LICHENIFICATION prolonged vigorous rubbing |
| depressed lesion; moist circumscribed, resulting from loss of epidermis (2˚ skin lesion) | EROSION rupture of vesicle/bullae; does not scar unless infected |
| disminution or thinning of skin; very red initially, then appears very white; (2˚ skin lesion) | ATROPHY, e.g. Stria gravidarum prolonged use of corticosteroids |
| hole or defect after an area of epidermis and part of dermis is destroyed (2˚ skin lesion) | ULCER varicosities at foot, genital ulcers; dermis heals w/ scarring |
| fibrous tissue replacement; consequence of healing at site of prior ulcer or wound (2˚ skin lesion) | SCAR prone: chest, deltoid |
| scar: remains confined to area of initial lesion (e.g. BCG vaccine) (2˚ skin lesion) | HYPERTROPHIC SCAR |
| scar: claw-like spread to adjacent areas, not confined (2˚ skin lesion) | KELOID |
| scar: ice pick type of acne marks; depressed (2˚ skin lesion) | ATOPHIC SCAR treatment: dermabrasion |
| abnormal shedding or accumulation of epidermis in perceptible flakes (2˚ skin lesion) | SCALE |
| branny powdery/small husk-like scale (2˚ skin lesion) | PITYRIASIFORM |
| micaceous/large or white silvery scales (2˚ skin lesion) | PSORIASIFORM |
| scale: fish scale appearance (2˚ skin lesion) | ICTHYOSIFORM atopic dermatitis |
| scale: horny masses (2˚ skin lesion) | KERATOTIC atopic dermatitis |
| keratotic plugs; chicken skin appearance; hair follicles blocked by keratin (2˚ skin lesion) | FOLLICULAR SCALE chronic renal patients |
| TEST: (+) press side of lesion = indentation, dimple or retraction at the center | DIMPLE/RETRACTOR SIGN dermatofibroma |
| TEST: sheet-like removal of epidermis by gentle traction | NICHOLSKY'S SIGN pemphigous vulgaris, TEN, SJS |
| TEST: (+) development of urticarial wheal after slight touching, stroking, or scratching | DARIER'S SIGN urticarial pigmentosa |
| TEST: (+) pinpoint bleeding after removal of scale | AUSPITZ SIGN psoriasis vulgaris |
| Wood's Lamp: coral red | C. MINUTISSIMUM erythrasma (brown scaly patches) |
| coin-shaped/discoid form of eczema; multiple, minute vesicles that become erythematous plaques; very pyritic; found in extremities | NUMULAR DERMATITIS ask for family history of asthma/atopic dermatitis |
| intermittent, chronic, severely pruritic, eczematous dermatitis w/ scaly erythematous patches, vesiculation, crusting, fissuring; antecubital & popliteal areas | ATOPIC DERMATITIS |
| maculopapular rash <3 days; associated photophobia, post-auricular or occipital lymphadenopathy | RUBELLA |
| painful ulcer-like lesions of mouth; palms & soles have similar lesions; affect children | HAND-FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE |
| vesicle w/ erythematous base on one side of trunk; after 3 days, umbilicated lesions w/ subsecondary lesion w/ pus; after 1wk: scab/crust | HERPES ZOSTER |
| scaly lesions on palms and soles (looks similar to pityriasis rosea) | SECONDARY SYPHILIS |
| herald patch; Christmas tree or fir tree pattern after 5d | PITYRIASIS ROSEA HHV-8 |
| more dirty looking than alopecia; usually seen in children | TINEA CAPITIS Microsporum canis |
| bumpy, wet lesion (complicated tinea capitis) | KERION |
| Wood's Lamp: copper or orange | PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA |
| TEST: pressing microscopic slide to test for blanching | DIASCOPY blanching = vasculitis no blanching = erythema |
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