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Description
Flashcards by Alexa Gutierrez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alexa Gutierrez
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Hardware | The physical components of a computer system, ie. Monitor, key board |
| Software | the instructions (programs) required to make hardware perform a task |
| Peripherals | Hardware or physical equipment used with the computer to perform a task. Devices are usually plugged into the computer in order to transmit data to it and from it. Example: camera or printer |
| Soft copy | That which is displayed on the monitor (screen) |
| Hard copy | A print-out or report |
| Soft Return | Automatic line break made by the software |
| Hard return | Manual line break made by the user |
| word Wrap | Text automatically wraps to the next line when no more space is available |
| CPU | Central Processing Unit. The brains of the computer. The device controlling the internal memory that directs the flow and processes information. |
| Cursor | An indicator appearing on the display screen indicating the current position of data entry |
| Memory | Refers to storage in the computer or an external storage device. |
| USB port | Universal Serial Bus. A standard cable connection interface on personal computers and consumer electronics. USB ports allow stand alone electronic devices to be connected via cables to a computer or to each other, |
| Disk (hard drive) | A magnetic storage device made of rigid material installed internally. |
| DOS | Disk Operating System. The language computers use to run a program, primarily for PC's |
| File | A collection of related data stored under a single title. |
| Database | Any collection of data stored electronically. |
| Hierarchical database | A tree-like network in which nodes are connected by a link |
| Menu | A list of options displayed on the screen which the user can choose to perform a function. |
| Modem | A device that converts data into signals for telephone transmission and then back again into data. Can be internally installed in a computer system or a peripheral. |
| Network | Two or more interconnected computers. |
| Workstation | Personal computer that is connected to an information system; data can be received from the system and additional functions can be performed at the local level. |
| Terminal | An input/output device that can transmit entries to and obtain output from a computer system. Information is stored elsewhere. |
| Turnkey System | Software with hardware that is dedicated to a specific application. |
| Bus Network | Computers networked together lined up on a single cable, such as with Christmas lights, If one computer is removed from a point in the bus network, then those further down the cable line will not work. |
| Multitasking | The ability of the computer to perform more than one task concurrently. |
| Spooling | Temporary storage of data or print jobs until the device is available. ie memory for printers and fax machines which is short term. |
| Retrieve | Finding or accessing a file or stored information. |
| Byte | the number of bits used to represent one character; usually 6-8 bits |
| RAM | Random Access Memory. The amount of memory available to perform applications. |
| ROM | Read Only Memory. Data stored on ROM can be read but not changed except by the programmer. It is usually a permanent program with computer instructions. |
| Megahertz (MHz) | The unit of measure describing the speed of a CPU. The higher the number the faster the processor and usually the MIPS possible. |
| MIPS | Million Instructions Per Second. The rate at which a computer can carry out instructions. Used to rate the power of a system. |
| Response time | The amount of time that elapses between the entry of a command by a user and the user receiving acknowledgement that the command was executed. |
| Icon | A picture or graphic that identifies a program or function |
| Toggle key (switch) | A button of function which requires a click to run it on and off |
| Dialog box | A pop-up window that gives you a list of options. |
| Mouse | An instrument used to point and click to perform a function |
| Serial port | Transfers data one piece at a time. |
| Parallel port | Transfers data by groups or chunks |
| CD-ROM | read only memory disk |
| CD-R | A memory disk that can be written to or recorded on. Data can not be changed, |
| CD -R/W | A memory disk that allows the user to record many times |
| DVD | Digital Versatile Disc. Data that can be stored on both sides. |
| USB drive | A removable and re-writable device used for memory storage |
| Cache | A type of temporary memory within the computer, used when the computer needs to be borrow memory temporarily, such as when speed is needed to keep its processing speed constant. |
| User number | A security number assigned to protect unauthorized users from entering the system, It also identifies who is using the system and provides a log-in audit trail |
| Password | A special word assigned with a user number that allows access only to a specific person. It is usually changed frequently to protect unauthorized access. |
| Data dictionary | An electronic catalog that provides for each data field or element, a list that describes such information as the field, where the data originates, edits, or rules that apply to that field. |
| Compatibility | The ability to run software for one type of computer on other computers with modifications. The ability to transfer data created by a software program to another software program, |
| Crash | A massive failure in the computer operations caused by severe software bugs, mechanical failure of hardware, or damage to disk media. A crash can cause data loss and damage disk media |
| Interface | Specialized software and/or hardware that provides for the transferring of information between two different systems |
| UPS | Uninterruptible Power Supply. A device that supplies emergency power in the event of a power failure. |
| Surge Protectors | A power strips that adds protection against bursts of current of electricity |
| Window | In computing, a window is a visual area containing some kind of user interface, It usually has a rectangular shape. It displays the output of and may allow input to one or more processes. Windows are primarily associated with graphical displays, where they can be manipulated with a mouse cursor. |
| Firewall | A firewall is a part of computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting authorized communications. It is a device or set of devices which is configured to permit or deny computer applications based upon a set of rules and other criteria. |
| Computer Attack | An assault against a computer system or network as a result of deliberate, intelligent action; for example, denial of service attacks, penetration and sabotage. |
| Denial of Service | A denial-of-service attach (DoS attack) is an attempt to make a computer resource unavailable to its intended users. Although the means to carry out, motives for, and targets of a DoS attack may vary, it generally consists of the concerted efforts of a person or people to prevent an internet site or service from functioning efficiently or at all, temporarily or indefinitely. |
| Zombie computer | A computer that has been covertly taken over in order to perform some nefarious task. It is estimated that millions of PCs around the world have been compromised and, under the control of a third party, routinely transmit messages unbeknownst to the user, |
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