Flashcards
Chapter 2 Vocabulary: Civics
Cards in this deck (39)
- 1ParliamentThe British legislature
- 2legislaturea group of people that makes laws
- 3Precedenta ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case
- 4common lawa system of law based on precedent and customs
- 5compactan agreement, or contract, among a group of people
- 6town meetinga gathering of local citizens to discuss and vote on important issues
- 7mercantilismthe theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys
- 8boycottthe refusal to purchase certain goods
- 9congressa formal meeting at which representatives discuss matters of common concern
- 10independenceself-reliance and freedom from outside control
- 11confederationa group of individuals or states that band together for a common purpose
- 12Magna CartaGreat Charter signed in 1215 by King John; limited the power of the monarch and recognized rights of the nobles
- 13Glorious Revolution1688 the peaceful transfer of power in history of England: Parliament removed King James II from throne and invited his daughter Mary and her husband William to rule instead
- 14English Bill Of Rightsin English history guaranteed free elections, the right to a fair trial, and made cruel and unusual punishment illegal
- 15natural rightsrights you are born with-life, liberty & property
- 16social contractagreement between the people (the governed) and the government; People agree to give up part of their freedom to govt. in exchange for protection of natural rights
- 17Baron de Montesquieuphilosopher who came up with "separation of powers"
- 18Enlightenmentduring the 1700's & 1800's movement that spread the idea that reason and science could improve society
- 19Mayflower Compactdocument signed by passengers of Mayflower; created a direct democracy in the New World; also represents idea of a social contract
- 20House of Burgessesbicameral legislature in Jamestown, Virginia; also was the first representative democracy in the New World
- 21Proprietary colonycolony owned by a person who controlled the land and govt.
- 22royal colonycolony owned by and ruled directly by the king
- 23indentured servanta person who agreed to work for a period of 7b years to pay off the cost of their passage to the colonies
- 24triangular tradetrade between Europe, Africa and the Americas; slaves from Africa were transported to the Americas and traded for sugar and molasses
- 25Middle Passagethe journey across the Atlantic Ocean mae by slave ships
- 26salutary neglectsometimes called healthy or useful neglect meant England did not strictly enforce its laws in the colonies
- 27French Indian Waralso called the Seven Years War between England and France; because of war debt England began to tax the colonies
- 28"no taxation without representation"slogan that summed up the colonists anger over taxes and the fact the colonies were NOT allowed to send representatives to Parliament
- 29Boston MassacreMarch 5, 1770 British soldiers opened fire on a crowd killing 5 American colonists; event fueled the Americans hatred for the British
- 30Stamp Acta tax on printed materials such as legal documents, mail, newspapers, etc
- 31Boston Tea Partycolonists some dressed as Indians sneaked aboard British ships and dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor
- 32Intolerable Actsalso known as the Coercive Acts; these acts (laws) punished the Boston colonists for the Boston Tea Party; the Boston port was closed to trade and a new Quartering Act
- 33Quartering Actpart of the Intolerable Acts; act that required colonist to house and feed British soldiers
- 34Common Sensepamphlet written by Thomas Pained that was widely read in the colonies; said colonies should be free and independent
- 35Battle of Lexington and Concord"shot heard around the world"; first battle of the Revolutionary War
- 36Second Continental Congressmeeting of colonial delegates in May 1775; a committee of 5 men were appointed to write a document declaring American Independence
- 37Declaration of Independencethe document addressed to King George II of England that declared American Independence
- 38Thomas Jeffersonchief author of the D.O.I
- 39John LockeEnglish philosopher whose natural rights philosophy was a BIG influence on Thomas Jefferson
