3804990
Description
Flashcards by Zainab Hassoun, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Zainab Hassoun
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Which drugs are β-lactamase inhibitors? | Clavulanic acid Sulbactam TAzobactam |
| β-lactamase Inhibitors provide the greatest β-lactam antibiotic potentiation against: | E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, H. Influenza, MSSA, Streptococci |
| β-lactamase inhibitors are active against: | gram-positive, gram-negative AND anaerobic bacteria |
| INFO CARD!!! β-lactamase are typically used in combination with other β-lactam antibiotics. What type of effect do they have on certain types of penicillin (amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin)? | They restore the antibacterial actions of these β-lactam drugs. |
| Clavulanic acid can be paired up with which penicillins? | Ticarcillin and Amoxicillin |
| Ampicillin is paired up with which β-lactamase inhibitor? | Sulbactam |
| Tazobactam is combined with which penicillin? | Piperacillin |
| What do β-lactamase inhibitors do? (Mechanism of Action) | Inhibition of β-lactamases!!! Produce stable intermediates with β-lactamases and prevents interactions w/penicillins (this is why the two are often paired together) |
| Clavulanic Acid 1. How is it administered? 2. Where is it absorbed and how long does it take? 3. Excretion? 4. CNS penetration? | 1. Orally and I.V. 2. GI Tract (T 1/2 = 0.8 - 1.4 hrs) 3. Unchanged in urine (~20-60%) metabolites are excreted in lung, feces and urine 4. LOW CNS Penetration |
| Sulbactam 1. How is it administered? 2. Where is it absorbed and how long does it take? 3. Excretion? 4. CNS penetration? | 1. Orally and I.V. 2. GI tract ( T 1/2 = 1 hr) 3. unchanged in urine, minor biliary, 25% metabolized 4. LOW CNS Penetration |
| Tazolactam 1. How is it administered? 2. Where is it absorbed and how long does it take? | 1. Parenterally ONLY 2. kidneys ( t 1/2 = 1 hr) NOT STABLE in GI environment |
| Adverse Effects of a Ticarcillin-Clavulanic Acid combo | 1. phlebitis at the infusion site 2. mild fever, diarrhea, nausea, skin rashes 3. defective platlet aggregation 4. hypokalemic |
| Adverse effects of a Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid combo | 1. GI distress i.e. diarrhea, skin rashes, eosinophilia, abnormal liver function 2. associated with cholestatic heptatitis (nausea, fever, itching, jaundice) eosinophilia: an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood |
| Adverse Effects of a Piperacillin-Tazolactam combo | diarrhea, headache, insomnia, rash, itching, fever, hematogic cytopenia, elevated liver enzymes |
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